Abdhullah., K., Ali, M. (2025). First Serological detection of Leishmania spp of domestic and stray cats in Al-Qadisiyah Province, Iraq. , 24(1), 110-115. doi: 10.29079/qjvms.2025.156213.1054
Kazem Najm Abdhullah.; Mansour Jadaan Ali. "First Serological detection of Leishmania spp of domestic and stray cats in Al-Qadisiyah Province, Iraq". , 24, 1, 2025, 110-115. doi: 10.29079/qjvms.2025.156213.1054
Abdhullah., K., Ali, M. (2025). 'First Serological detection of Leishmania spp of domestic and stray cats in Al-Qadisiyah Province, Iraq', , 24(1), pp. 110-115. doi: 10.29079/qjvms.2025.156213.1054
Abdhullah., K., Ali, M. First Serological detection of Leishmania spp of domestic and stray cats in Al-Qadisiyah Province, Iraq. , 2025; 24(1): 110-115. doi: 10.29079/qjvms.2025.156213.1054

First Serological detection of Leishmania spp of domestic and stray cats in Al-Qadisiyah Province, Iraq

Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences
Volume 24, Issue 1, January 2025, Pages 110-115    PDF (350.67 K)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.29079/qjvms.2025.156213.1054
Authors
Kazem Najm Abdhullah.* 1; Mansour Jadaan Ali2
1Al-Diwaniyah Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq
2Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a major mosquito-borne disease due to protozoa of Leishmania genus which spread by sand flies' bites. This study was conducted to detect Leishmaniasis in domestic and stray cats by using serological test (Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay -ELISA) and to determine the effects of sex, age and months on the infection rate in Al-Qadisiyah Province. A total of 142 samples were collected during the period from the first of July to the end of December/ 2024. Leishmaniasis IgG antibodies were detected rate 20.42% (29/142) of the cats by indirect ELISA. High infection rate was recorded in stray cats 28.37% (21/73), compared to domestic cats 11.76% (8/68), with significant difference at P<0.05. the prevalence rate was in males 23.28% (17/73) and in females 17.39% (12/69) without significant difference at P≥0.05. Moreover, the highest infection rate in domestic cats was observed in the adult was 15.55% (7/45) while the lowest in kittens 4.34% (1/23), without significant difference at P<0.05. The prevalence was altered during various months studied where the highest and lowest rate was recorded (34.61%) and (4.54%) in September and July respectively, without significant difference at P≥0.05. For the first time, Leishmaniasis was recorded to infected stray and domestic cats in Iraq
Keywords
Al-Qadisiyah; Blood; cats; ELISA; Leishmaniasis
References
  1. Strauss-Ayali D, Jaffe CL, Burshtain O, Gonen L, Baneth G. Polymerase chain reaction using noninvasively obtained samples, for the detection of Leishmania infantum DNA in dogs. J Infect Dis, (2004);189(9):1729-33. DOI: 10.1086/383281
  2. Tzani M, Barrasa A, Vakali A, Georgakopoulou T, Mellou K, Pervanidou D. Surveillance data for human Leishmaniosis indicate the need for a sustainable action plan for its management and control, Greece, 2004 to 2018, Euro Surveill,(2021);26(18):2000159.DOI: 10.2807/1560- 7917.ES.2021.26.18.2000159
  3. Asfaram S, Fakhar M, Teshnizi SH, Is the cat an important reservoir host for visceral leishmaniasis? A systematic review with meta-analysis. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis, (2019);25(1):e20190012. https:// DOI: 10. 1590/1678-9199-JVATI TD-2019-0012.
  4. Nascimento LFJ, Cirilo TM, Gomes DS, Gomes ACA, Lima VFS, Scher R, Epidemiological and diagnostic aspects of feline leishmaniasis with emphasis on Brazil: a narrative review. Parasitol Res, (2022);121(1):21–34.DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07372-9
  5. Spada E, Perego R, Vitale F, Bruno F, Castelli G, Tarantola G, Baggiani L, Magistrelli S, Proverbio D. Feline Leishmania spp. infection in a non-endemic area of northern Italy. Animals (Basel), (2020); 10(5):817. DOI:10.3390/ani10050817
  6. Alcover MM, Basurco A, Fernandez A, Riera C, Fisa R, Gonzalez A, Verde M, Garrido AM, Ruíz H, Yzuel A, Villanueva-Saz S. A cross-sectional study of Leishmania infantum infection in stray cats in the city of Zaragoza (Spain) using serology and PCR. Parasit Vectors,( 2021); 14: 1–14. DOI:10.1186/s13071-021- 04682-w
  7. Muz, D., Can, H., Karakavuk, M., D¨os¸kaya, M., ¨Ozdemir, H.G., De˘girmenci D¨os¸kaya, A., Atalay S¸ahar, E., Pektas¸, B., Karakus¸, M., T¨oz, S., ¨Ozbel, Y., Gürüz, A.Y., Muz, M.N.,. The molecular and serological investigation of feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus in stray cats of Western Turkey. Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis, (2021); 78: 101688 DOI:10.1016/j.cimid.2021.101688
  8. Abramo F, Albanese F, Gattuso S, Randone A, Fileccia I, Dedola C. Skin lesions in feline leishmaniosis: A systematic review. Pathogens,( 2021);10(4):472. DOI: 10.3390 /pathogens10040472
  9. Verneuil M. Ocular leishmaniasis in a cat: case report. J Fr Ophtalmol (2013); 36(4):e67-72. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2012.09.006
  10. Migliazzo A, Vitale F, Calderone S, Puleio R, Binanti D, Abramo F. Feline leishmaniosis: a case with a high parasitic burden. Vet Dermatol, (2014); 26(1): 69-70. :10DOI.1111/vde.12180
  11. Gramiccia M. Recent advances in leishmaniosis in pet animals: epidemiology, diagnostics and anti-vectorial prophylaxis. Vet Parasitol, ( 2011); 181(1): 23–30. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.04.019
  12. Tirado TC, Bavia L, Ambrosio AR, Campos MP, de Almeida SM, Messias Reason IJ, Figueiredo  FB. A comparative approach on the activation of the three complement system pathways in different hosts of visceral leishmaniasis after stimulation with Leishmania infantum. Developmental and Comparative Immunology,(2021);120(1):104061. DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104061
  1. Pennisi MG, Cardoso L, Baneth G, Bourdeau P, Koutinas A, Miró G, et al. LeishVet update and recommendations on feline leishmaniosis. Parasit Vectors, (2015); 8(1): 302. doi:10.1186/s13071-015- 0909-z. PMid:26041555
  2. Vides JP, Schwardt TF, Sobrinho LSV, Marinho M, Laurenti MD, Biondo AW, Leutenegger C, Marcondes M. Leishmania chagasi infection in cats with dermatologic lesions from an endemic area of visceral leishmaniosis in Brazil. Vet Parasitol, (2011); 178:22–28. DOI.10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.12.042
  3. Sobrinho LSV, Rossi CN, Vides JP, Braga ET, Gomes AAD, Lima VMF, Perri SHV, Generoso D, Langoni H, Leutenegger C, Biondo AW, Laurenti MD, Marcondes M. Coinfection of Leishmania chagasi with Toxoplasma gondii, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) in cats from an endemic area of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis. Vet Parasitol, (2012); 187(1-2):302–306. DOI:10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.01.010
  4. Matos AMRN, Caldart ET, Ferreira FP, Monteiro KC, Souza M, Brunieri DTSC, Hilst CLS, Mascarenhas NMF, Mitsuka-Breganó R, Freire RL, Navarro IT. Antibodies anti-trypanosomatides in domestic cats in Paraná: who is at highest risk of infection? Rev Bras Parasitol Vet, (2018); 27(1):232–236. DOI: org/10.1590/s1984-296120180033
  5. Silveira Neto L, Marcondes M, Bilsland El. Clinical and epidemiological aspects of feline leishmaniasis in Brazil. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, Londrina, (2015);36(3):1467-1480. DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n3p1467
  6. Trevisan DAC, Lonardoni MVC, Demarchi IG. Diagnostic methods to cutaneous leishmaniasis detection in domestic dogs and cats. An Bras Dermatol, (2015) ;90(6):868-72.  DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20153716
  7. Carbonara  M, Iatta  R, Miró  G, Montoya  A, Benelli  G, Mendoza‑Roldan  JA, Papadopoulos  E, Lima C, Bouhsira  E, Nachum‑Biala  Y, Decaro  N, Schunack  B,Baneth  G, Otranto  D. Feline leishmaniosis in the Mediterranean Basin: a multicenter study. Parasites & Vectors, (2024); 17:346.DOI:10.1186/s13071-024-06419-x
  1. Alcover MM, Basurco A , Fernandez  A , Riera  C, Fisa  R, Gonzalez  A, Verde  M,  Garrido  AM, , Ruíz  H, Yzuel  A,  Villanueva‑ Saz S. A cross‑sectional study of Leishmania infantum infection in stray cats in the city of Zaragoza (Spain) using serology and PCR. Parasites Vectors, (2021); 14(1):178. DOI:10.1186/s13071-021-04682-w
  2. Pradella  GD , Escobar  TA, Santos  T P, Minuzzi  JS, Silva  LKR, Roman  IJ, Vogel  FSF, Duarte CA, Lübeck  I. Detection of antibodies against Leishmania species using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in cats from the western border of Brazil. Ciência Rural, (2024); 54(1) :8.DOI:101590/ 0103-8478cr20230127
  1. Médici KC, Navarro IT, Mitsuka-Breganó R, Caldart E.Seroprevalence of feline leishmaniasis in Paraná using antigens from different species of Leishmania spp. Brazilian Journal of Development,(2021);7(3):. 2525-8761.DOI: 10.34117/bjdv7n3-562
  2. Abramo F, Albanese F, Gattuso S, Randone A, Fileccia I, Dedola C, Ibba F, Ottaiano P, Brianti E. Skin lesions in feline leishmaniosis: a systematic review. Pathogens, (2021) 10(4):472. DOI:10. 3390/ patho gens1 00404 72
  3. Baneth G, Nachum-Biala Y, Zuberi A, Zipori-Barki N, Orshan L, Kleinerman G . Leishmania infection in cats and dogs housed together in an animal shelter reveals a higher parasite load in infected dogs despite a greater seroprevalence among cats. Parasit Vectors, (2020);13(1):115. DOI: 10. 1186/ s13071-020-3989-3
  4. Mohebali M, Malmasi A, Khodabakhsh M, Zarei Z, Akhoundi B, Hajjaran H . Feline leishmaniosis due to Leishmania infantum in Northwest Iran: the role of cats in endemic areas of visceral leishmaniosis. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Rep, (2017); 9(1): 13-16.DOI:10.1016/2017.03.010
  5. Symeonidou I, Sioutas G, Gelasakis AI, Tsokana CN, Papadopoulos E. Leishmaniosis in Greece: the veterinary perspective. Pathogens, (2023);12(6):769. DOI: 10. 3390/ patho gens1 20607 69
  6. Otranto D, Napoli E, Latrofa MS, Annoscia G, Tarallo VD, Greco G. Feline and canine leishmaniosis and other vector-borne diseases in the Aeolian Islands: Pathogen and vector circulation in a confined environment. Vet Parasitol, (2017); 236(1):144–51. DOI:10.1016/1019 PMID: 28288759
  7. Vita S, Santori D, Aguzzi I, Petrotta E, Luciani A. Feline leishmaniasis and ehrlichiosis: serological investigation in Abruzzo region. Vet Res Commun, (2005); 2(1):319–21.DOI:10/1007/s11259-005-007
  8. Can H, Do¨ şkaya M,O¨ zdemir HG, Şahar EA, Karakavuk M, Pektaş B. Seroprevalence of Leishmania infection and molecular detection of Leishmania tropica and Leishmania infantum in stray cats of İzmir, Turkey. Exp Parasitol, (2016); 167(1):109–14. DOI:10.1016/j.exppara.2016.05.011
  9. Galvez R, Montoya A, Cruz I, Fernandez C, Martin O, Checa R, et al. Latest trends in Leishmania infantum infection in dogs in Spain, Part I: mapped seroprevalence and sand fly distributions. Parasit Vectors, (2020);13(1):204. DOI: 10. 1186/ s13071-020-04081-7
  1. Mendoza-Roldan J, Benelli G, Panarese R, Iatta R, Furlanello T, Beugne F, et al. Leishmania infantum and Dirofilaria immitis infections in Italy, 2009–2019: changing distribution patterns. Parasit Vectors, (2020);13(1):193. DOI: 10. 1186/ s13071-020-04063-9.
  2. Nasereddin A, Salant H, Abdeen Z. Feline leishmaniasis in Jerusalem: serological investigation. Vet Parasitol, (2008);158(4):364-369. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.09.022
  3. Silva RCN, Ramos RAN, Pimentel DS, Oliveira GMA, Carvalho GA, Santana MA . Detection of antibodies against Leishmania infantum in cats (Felis catus) from the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, (2014); 47(1): 108-109. DOI:10.1590/0037-8682-0005-2012
  4. Chatzis MK, Andreadou M, Leontides L, Kasabalis D, Mylonakis M, Koutinas AF. Cytological and molecular detection of Leishmania infantum in different tissues of clinically normal and sick cats. Vet Parasitol, (2014); 202(3-4): 217-225. DOI:10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.02.044. PMid:24629427.
  5. Lopes AP, Oliveira AC, Granada S, Rodrigues FT, Papadopoulos E, Schallig H . Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania spp. in domestic cats from Luanda, Angola. Vet Parasitol ,(2017); 239: 15-18.DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.04.009
  6. Nasereddin A, Salant H, Abdeen Z. Feline leishmaniasis in Jerusalem: serological investigation. Vet Parasitol, (2008); 158(4): 364-369. DOI:10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.09.022. PMid:18986768
  7. Baneth G, Nachum-Biala Y, Zuberi A, Zipori-Barki N, Orshan L, Kleinerman G, Shmueli-Goldin A, Bellaiche M, Leszkowicz-Mazuz M, Salant H, Yasur- Landau D. Leishmania infection in cats and dogs housed together in an animal shelter reveals a higher parasite load in infected dogs despite a greater seroprevalence among cats. Parasit. Vectors , (2020);13(1): 4–11. DOI:10.1186/ s13071-020-3989-3
  8. Qasem A, Iraj M, Farzaneh B, Mohammad H M. Alarming: high prevalence of Leishmania infantum infection in cats from southern Iran based on molecular and serological methods. Annals of Parasitology, (2020);66(2):143–156. DOI: 10.17420/ap6602.249
  9. Simone M, Mariasole C, Dimitris D, Alessandra B. Leishmania infantum Seroprevalence in Cats From Touristic Areas of Italy and Greece. Frontiers in Veterinary Science,(2020); 11(7):616566 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.616566
  10. Mariaelisa C, Roberta I, Guadalupe M, Ana M, Giovanni B . Feline leishmaniosis in the Mediterranean Basin: a multicenter study. Parasites & Vectors, (2024);17(1):346. DOI:10.1186/s13071-024-06419-x
  11. Atta R, Furlanello T, Colella V, Tarallo VD, Latrofa MS, Brianti E . A nationwide survey of Leishmania infantum infection in cats and associated risk factors in Italy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, (2019) ; 13(7):e0007594. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007594
  12. Urbani L, Tirolo A, Salvatore D, (2020).  Serological, molecular and clinicopathological findings associated with Leishmania infantum infection in cats in Northern Italy. Feline Medicine and Surgery. and Surgery. 22(10), 935-943. DOI:10.1177/1098612X19895067 Ready P, (2008). "Leishmaniasis emergence and climate change." Rev SciTech. 27(2), 399-412.
  13. Carvalho,BM,Rangel EF ,Ready PD,  Vale MM.  .Ecological niche modelling predicts southward expansion of Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) flaviscutellata (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), vector of Leishmania Leishmania amazonensis in South America, under climate change. PLoS One ,(2015);10(11):e0143282.DOI:10.1371/journal.po
Statistics
Article View: 367
PDF Download: 163


Journal Management System. Powered by iJournalPro.com