K. Muhammad, K., M. Maaroof, S. (2025). RESPONSE OF SELECTED YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L) TO VARIED ENVIRONMENTS AND SOWING ROW POSITIONS. , 23(1), 44-63. doi: 10.32649/ajas.2024.147649.1163
K. K. Muhammad; S. M. Maaroof. "RESPONSE OF SELECTED YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L) TO VARIED ENVIRONMENTS AND SOWING ROW POSITIONS". , 23, 1, 2025, 44-63. doi: 10.32649/ajas.2024.147649.1163
K. Muhammad, K., M. Maaroof, S. (2025). 'RESPONSE OF SELECTED YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L) TO VARIED ENVIRONMENTS AND SOWING ROW POSITIONS', , 23(1), pp. 44-63. doi: 10.32649/ajas.2024.147649.1163
K. Muhammad, K., M. Maaroof, S. RESPONSE OF SELECTED YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L) TO VARIED ENVIRONMENTS AND SOWING ROW POSITIONS. , 2025; 23(1): 44-63. doi: 10.32649/ajas.2024.147649.1163

RESPONSE OF SELECTED YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L) TO VARIED ENVIRONMENTS AND SOWING ROW POSITIONS

Anbar Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Volume 23, Issue 1, June 2025, Pages 44-63    PDF (747.04 K)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.32649/ajas.2024.147649.1163
Authors
K. K. Muhammad* ; S. M. Maaroof
Department of Field Crops and Medicinal Plant, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Salahaddin University- Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Abstract
Understanding the impact of different microenvironments (sowing direction and sowing dates) and row locations on yield and yield component of Coker 310 cultivar were studied. in split plot design using randomized complete block design (RCBD) and three replications was applied at two succession growing seasons of 2021 and 2022 at Grdarasha Research station, College of Agriculture Engineering Science, Salahaddin University, Erbil-Iraq.
The results showed that, there was significant differences for the two growing seasons on yield and its components for the different sowing dates (12 and 27, April), in addition, early sowing date possessed superiority over the delayed sowing date in bolls per plant, net ginning outturn lint index and seed cotton yield during both growing seasons. Meanwhile, the delayed sowing date was superior crop in seed index and seeds per boll during both growing seasons. Regarding sowing directions, data showed that the East-West orientation was superior in boll weight, seeds per boll, seed index and bolls per plant on the other hand in the N-S was superior in net ginning outturn and seed cotton yield in the first growing season. Meanwhile, the boll weight, bolls per plant, seed index, lint index, net ginning outturn and seed cotton yield were obtained when using N-S direction in the second growing season. Meanwhile, highest seed cotton yield produced from North-South direction in the two growing seasons (2842.93 Kg. ha-1 and 2210.39Kg. ha-1). Moreover, the statistical analysis observed to significant effect of row positions the highest values was obtained from lateral and central rows (1-3-5-7-9-11-12) for both seasons. These findings suggest that early sowing with a north-south row direction in Coker 310 cotton production might improve productivity.
Keywords
Cotton; Microenvironments; Row positions; Yield; Yield component
Supplementary Files
References
  1. Abd El-Maksoud, M. F. (2008). Effect of row direction and plant arrangement on growth, yield and yield components of two maize cultivaters. Journal of Productivity and Development, 13(1): 1-17. https://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jpd.2008.44819.
  2. Abhishek, D., Pal, R. K., Kingra, P. K., and Mishra, S. K. (2020). Microclimatic conditions and seed cotton yield as affected by sowing time, row orientation and plant spacing under Bt cotton hybrid. MAUSAM, 71(4): 729-738. https://doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v71i4.62.
  3. Adams, G. M. (2015). Marketing and economics. Cotton, 57: 783-796. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr57.2013.0034.
  4. Adombilla, R., Chamba, E. B., Kangben, F. Y., and Sesay, M. J. (2023). Optimum sowing dates for cotton varieties in the Guinea Savanna Agroecological zone of Ghana. African Crop Science Journal, 31(2): 175-189. https://doi.org/10.4314/acsj.v31i2.4.
  5. Ahmed, I., Ahmed, N., Waheed, A., Khan, M.A., Khan, N. and Ahmed, F. )2021(. Impact of Growing Methods and Direction of Sowing on the Plant Growth and Seed Production of Ridge Guard (Luffa acutangula Roxb). Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 37. https://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.3.747.753 .
  6. Al-Abdi, G. S. (2011). Chemical and organic fertilizer use in Iraq general administration of agricultural Extension and cooperative, Agriculture Ministry, Iraq.
  7. Al-Hajooj, Y. A. M. (2012). Response of some growth characters and yield and quality properties for genotypes of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Under different planting durations (Doctoral dissertation, M. Sc. Thesis, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University).
  8. Bange, M. P., Caton, S. J., and Milroy, S. P. (2008). Managing yields of high fruit retention in transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) using sowing date. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 59(8): 733-741. https://doi.org/10.1071/AR07423.
  9. Bilbro, J. D., and Ray, L. L. (1973). Effect of Planting Date on the Yield and Fiber Properties of Three Cotton Cultivars 1. Agronomy Journal, 65(4): 606-609. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1973.00021962006500040023x.
  10. Borger, C. P., Hashem, A., and Pathan, S. (2010). Manipulating crop row orientation to suppress weeds and increase crop yield. Weed Science, 58(2): 174-178. https://doi.org/10.1614/WS-09-094.1.
  11. Constable, G., Llewellyn, D., Walford, S. A., and Clement, J. D. (2015). Cotton breeding for fiber quality improvement. Industrial crops: Breeding for bioenergy and bioproducts, 191-232. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1447-0_10.
  12. Damahe, A. R., Satpute, S. B., and Parlawar, N. D. (2018). Growth and yield of cotton as influenced by different date of sowing and varieties. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci, 6: 2622-2628.
  13. Dhir, A., Pal, R. K., Kingra, P. K., Mishra, S. K., and Sandhu, S. S. (2021). Cotton phenology and production response to sowing time, row orientation and plant spacing using CROPGRO-cotton model. Mausam, 72(3): 627-634. https://doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v72i3.1312.
  14. Ezaddin, N. A., and Salih, R. F. (2023). Straw Mulching and Plant Spacing Enhance Yield and Some Quality Traits of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Varieties. Preprint, Research Square, 1-29. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2629632/v1.
  15. Gwathmey, C. O., and Clement, J. D. (2010). Alteration of cotton source–sink relations with plant population density and mepiquat chloride. Field Crops Research, 116(1-2): 101-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2009.11.019.
  16. HA, A. A. (2013). Effect of location and early date planting on yield and its components of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Leshata variety. Anbar journal of agricultural science, 11(2).
  17. Hatcher, L., and O'Rourke, N. (2013). A step-by-step approach to using SAS for factor analysis and structural equation modeling. SAS institute.
  18. Iqbal, M., Ul-Allah, S., Naeem, M., Hussain, M., Ijaz, M., Wasaya, A., and Ahmad, M. Q. (2018). Reproductive development and seed cotton yield of Gossypium hirsutum as affected by genotype and planting time. Intl J Agric Biol, 20: 1591-1596. DOI: 10.17957/IJAB/15.0675.
  19. Kadhim, Z. R., Al-majeed, A., and Jassam, Q. T. (2024). Estimation of Marketing Efficiency and Production Quantity at The Break-Even Point for Cotton Farmers in Iraq (Baghdad Province: A Case Study). Anbar Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 22(1): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.32649/ajas.2024.183691.‏
  20. Khan, N., Xing, F., Feng, L., Wang, Z., Xin, M., Xiong, S., ... and Li, Y. (2020). Comparative yield, fiber quality and dry matter production of cotton planted at various densities under equidistant row arrangement. Agronomy, 10(2): 232. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10020232.
  21. Khichar, A. S. M., Premdeep, N. P. R., and Kumar, S. (2018). Quantification of microclimate of cotton hybrids under different sowing environments. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem, 7(2): 1032-1040.
  22. Liu, J., Meng, Y., Chen, J., Lv, F., Ma, Y., Chen, B., ... and Oosterhuis, D. M. (2015). Effect of late planting and shading on cotton yield and fiber quality formation. Field Crops Research, 183: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2015.07.008.
  23. Naser Alavi, S. M. (2008). Effects of Plant Densities and Row Orientation on the Seed and Forage Yield of Grass Sorghum in Bam. Isfahan University of Technology-Journal of Crop Production and Processing, 12(45): 91-97. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.22518517.1387.12.45.8.0.
  24. Niazi, S. K. (2005). Response of cotton cultivars to different sowing dates. M. Sc. (Agronomy) Thesis submitted to Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, 1-59.
  25. Rahman, M. H., Ahmad, A., Wang, X., Wajid, A., Nasim, W., Hussain, M., ... and Hoogenboom, G. (2018). Multi-model projections of future climate and climate change impacts uncertainty assessment for cotton production in Pakistan. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 253: 94-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.02.008.
  26. Robinson, R. G. (1975). Effect of Row Direction on Sunflowers 1. Agronomy Journal, 67(1): 93-94. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1975.00021962006700010027x.
  27. Shah, M. A., Farooq, M., Shahzad, M., Khan, M. B., and Hussain, M. (2017). Yield and phenological responses of BT cotton to different sowing dates in semi-arid climate. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 54(2): 233-239. DOI: 10.21162/PAKJAS/17.4394.
  28. Shaker1, I, T. 1999. Fiber Crops. Ministry of Higher aeaducation and Scientific Research, Mousel University, College of Agriculture and Forestry. (in Aarabic).
  29. Tuttolomondo, T., Virga, G., Rossini, F., Anastasi, U., Licata, M., Gresta, F., ... and Santonoceto, C. (2020). Effects of environment and sowing time on growth and yield of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars in Sicily (Italy). Plants, 9(9): 1209. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091209.
  30. Wrather, J. A., Phipps, B. J., Stevens, W. E., Phillips, A. S., and Vories, E. D. (2008). Cotton planting date and plant population effects on yield and fiber quality in the Mississippi Delta. The Journal of Cotton Science, 12:1–7.
Statistics
Article View: 990
PDF Download: 335


Journal Management System. Powered by iJournalPro.com