Idan, F., Abbas, B., Gopi, M. (2025). Effect of Mash Particle Size and Die Speed on Machine Performance and Pellet Durability for Broiler Chickens. , 15(1), 9-19. doi: 10.33794/qjas.2025.157736.1197
Frank Idan; Basim Aboud Abbas; Marappan Gopi. "Effect of Mash Particle Size and Die Speed on Machine Performance and Pellet Durability for Broiler Chickens". , 15, 1, 2025, 9-19. doi: 10.33794/qjas.2025.157736.1197
Idan, F., Abbas, B., Gopi, M. (2025). 'Effect of Mash Particle Size and Die Speed on Machine Performance and Pellet Durability for Broiler Chickens', , 15(1), pp. 9-19. doi: 10.33794/qjas.2025.157736.1197
Idan, F., Abbas, B., Gopi, M. Effect of Mash Particle Size and Die Speed on Machine Performance and Pellet Durability for Broiler Chickens. , 2025; 15(1): 9-19. doi: 10.33794/qjas.2025.157736.1197

Effect of Mash Particle Size and Die Speed on Machine Performance and Pellet Durability for Broiler Chickens

Al-Qadisiyah Journal For Agriculture Sciences
Volume 15, Issue 1, June 2025, Pages 9-19    PDF (690.77 K)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.33794/qjas.2025.157736.1197
Authors
Frank Idan1; Basim Aboud Abbas* 2; Marappan Gopi3
1Department of Animal Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
2Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Diyala, Iraq.
3ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan 304 501, India.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mash particle size and die speeds on the performance of machine and pellet quality for broiler chickens. Machine productivity (kgh-1), power consumption (kW), specific energy consumption (kwh kg-1), pelleting efficiency (%), pellet durability (%) and operating cost ($/h), were studied. The experiment consisted of a factorial arrangement of three mash particle sizes (2, 4, and 6 mm), with three die speeds (280, 300, and 320 rpm). Results showed that varying the mash particle size from 2 to 6 mm resulted in a significant increase (P < 0.05) in machine productivity, while power consumption, specific energy consumption, pelleting efficiency, pellet durability and operating cost significantly (P < 0.05) decreased. By increasing the die speed from 280 to 320 rpm, the machine productivity significantly increased (P < 0.05), while power consumption, specific energy consumption, pelleting efficiency, pellet durability and operating cost significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The highest machine productivity of 86.01 kg.h-1 and the lowest power consumption, of 2.65 kW, specific energy consumption 0.029 kwh kg-1, operating cost 1.29 $/h was achieved with a mash particle size of 6 mm and a die speed of 320 rpm. Meanwhile, the highest pelleting efficiency of 92.92 % and pellet durability of 91.87% were recorded with a mash particle size of 2 mm and a die speed of 280 rpm. It was concluded that the mash particle size and die speeds significantly impact machine performance and pellet quality.
Keywords
Machine productivity; Power consumption; Pelleting efficiency; Pellet durability
References
  1. Iravani, S., Aziz-Aliabadi, F., and Vakili, R. (2024). Feed processing: a review of the impacts of conditioning time and temperature on feed quality and broilers performance. World's Poultry Science Journal, 80(3) 657-679.‏ https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2024.2341276
  2. Abbas, B. A., Jasim, A. A., and Bander, L. K. (2024). Effect of Holes Diameter and Speed of Die on the Performance of Machine and Feed Pellet Quality.‏Al-Qadisiyah Journal For Agriculture Sciences, 14(2), 59-68. https://doi.org/10.33794/qjas.2024.154582.1191
  3. Kong, X., Cao, Q., and Niu, Z. (2024). Experimental research on breakage characteristics of feed pellets under different loading methods. Agriculture, 14(8), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081401
  4. Amerah, A. M., Ravindran, V., Lentle, R. G., and Thomas, D. G. (2007). Feed particle size: Implications on the digestion and performance of poultry. World's Poultry Science Journal, 63(3), 439-455.‏ https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933907001560
  5. Briggs, J. L., Maier, D. E., Watkins, B. A., and Behnke, K. C. (1999). Effect of ingredients and processing parameters on pellet quality. Poultry Science, 78(10), 1464-1471.‏https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/78.10.1464
  6. Abdulalwahhab, B. N., Al-Tememy, A. T. D., and Abbas, B. A. (2020). Study of the Location of Birds inside the Breeding Hall of Broilers Rose 308 and its Effect on Environmental Conditions using a Documented Data System. Plant Archives, 20 (1): 1013-1020. https://www.plantarchives.org/SPECIAL%20ISSUE%2020-1/1013-1020%20(18).pdf
  7. Abbas, B. A., Bander, L. K., Jasim, A. A. (2024). Effect of feed forms, mash and pellets on productive performance and carcass weights of broiler chicken. Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences, 16(3), 105-118.‏ https://doi.org/10.36077/kjas/2024/v16i3.11635                    
  8. [8] pelleting on performance and carcass yield of pair-fed broilers. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 30, 2026-2032.‏ https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982001000800011
  9. Reimer, L. (1992). Northern Crops Institute feed mill management and feed manufacturing technology short course. California Pellet Mill Co.: Crawfordsville, IN.‏
  10. Muramatsu, K., Massuquetto, A., Dahlke, F., and Maiorka, A. (2015). Factors that affect pellet quality: a review. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 9(2), 717-722. http://doi:10.17265/2161-6256/2015.09.002
  11. Wilson, T. O. (2010). Factors affecting wood pellet durability.‏ A Thesis in Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Master of Science, Pennsylvania State University.
  12. Baker, M. M. A. (2016). A Study of Some Factors Affecting The Manufacturing of Livestock Feed Pellets From Agricultural Residues. Doctoral dissertation, Zagazig University, 67 p.‏
  13. Peng, J, Y., Wu, S.J. Shi, B. B. Peng and  Sun, Y. (2011). FEA on the Roller Bracing Structure of Pellet Mill. Key Engineering Materials 499, 85-90. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.499.85
  14. Evans, C. E., M. Saensukjaroenphon, J. T. Gebhardt, C. R. Stark, and Paulk, C. B. (2021). Effects of conditioning temperature and pellet mill die speed on pellet quality and relative stabilities of phytase and xylanase. Translational Animal Science, 5(3), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txab043
  15. Ali, A. M., Ali, A. A., and Abbas, B. A. (2024). Effect of shelling time and Sheller feeding rate of locally Sheller in some mechanical and physical traits of the process of Maize shelling. Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences, 16(1), 65-72.‏  https://doi.org/10.36077/kjas/2024/v16i1.10766
  16. Yousif, L. A., Mohamed, M. Y. and Ahmed, M. A. A. (2022). Energy use analysis for sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) production in the mechanized rainfed schemes eastern Sudan. Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal, 14(2), 41-57. https://doi.org/10.52951/dasj.22140205
  17. Kaddour, U. A. (2003). Development of a local pelleting machine to product fish feed mill cook pellet. The 11th Annual conference of Misr Society of Agricultural engineering‏, 538-556.
  18. Radwan, M., Zaki, R. I., El-Said, A. F., and Metwally, K. A. (2021). Impact of Die Surface Holes Distribution Patterns of Fish Feed Extruder on Performance Indicators and Pellets Quality. Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering, 12(5), 337-343.‏ https://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2021.178990
  19. Shrinivasa, D. J., Mathur, S. M., and Khadatkar, A. (2021). Design and evaluation of portable compound cattle feed pelleting machine for farm-level feed production. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 80(02), 105-114.‏
  20. Franke, M., and Rey, A. (2006). Improving pellet quality and efficiency. Feed Technology, 10(3), 5-12.‏
  21. Mendez, J. R. I. E., and Santoma, G. (2008). Feed Manufacturing, the Nutrition of the Rabbit. Cab International.
  22. Ali, A. A., Ali, A. M., and Abbas, B. A. (2019). Impact of hammering tool and sieves perforations diameter on some mechanical and volumetric traits of corn grinding process. Plant Archives, 19(1), 1382-1385. https://www.plantarchives.org/PDF%20SUPPLEMENT%202019/240__1382-1385_.pdf
  23. Okolie, P. C., Chukwujike, I. C., Chukwuneke, J. L., and Dara, J. E. (2019). Design and production of a fish feed pelletizing machine. Heliyon, 5(6), 1-7.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02001
  24. Abbas, B. A. (2017). The Effect of Components and Moisture Contents of the Diet on Some Physical Quality Properties of Pellets Manufactured as Chickens Ration. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Research, 22(3), 94-100.
  25. Abdullah, M. K., Abbas, B. A., and Sattar, S. A. (2010). An Evaluation of a Locally Produced Instrument to Measure feed Pellet Durability. Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 6(3), 512-526.‏ https://archives.ju.edu.jo/index.php/jjas/article/view/2053
  26. (1994). Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. National Research Council .9 rev. ad. Natl. Acad. Press Washington. DC.
  27. Abbas, B. A., and Bader, B. R. (2016). Comparison between Manual and Mechanical Mixing of Feed Samples. Euphrates Journal of Agricultural Science, 8(Special), 197-202.
  28. Idan, F., T. N. N. Nortey, C. B. Paulk, R. S. Beyer, and Stark, C. R. (2020). Evaluating the effect of feeding starters crumbles on the overall performance of broilers raised for 42 days. JAPR: Research Report. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 29 (3), 692-699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japr.2020.05.003.
  29. (1997). Cubes, Pellet, and Crumbles-Definitions and Methods for Determining Density, Durability, and Moisture Content. ASAE Standard S269.4. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, St. Joseph, MI.
  30. (2009). SAS/STAT/ User’s Guide for Personal computers, Release 6.12, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
  31. Ali, M. A., Ali, A. A., Abbas, B. A., and Lateef, Z. A. A. (2019). Study and evaluation of the process of grinding the yellow maize grains by using chains for locally developed hammer mill. Plant Archives, 19(1), 1887-1892.‏ http://www.plantarchives.org/PDF%2019-1/1887-1892%20(4895).pdf
  32. Ali, A. M., Ali, A. A., and Abbas, B. A. (2020). Effect of Time and Rotational Speed of Shelling Chains on the Performance of Maize Sheller. Indian Journal of Ecology, 47(12), 339-341.‏
  33. Hasan, M. M., and Abbas, B. A. (2013). The Effect of sieve holes diameter and Type of grains on Some Properties mechanical and volumetric of hammer Mill. Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal, 5(1), 197–203. https://journal.djas.uodiyala.edu.iq/index.php/dasj/article/view/2877
  34. Abbas, B. A., Jasim, A. A., and Bander, L. K. (2023). Manufacturing and Testing a Double Action Feed Pellet Durability Measuring Device. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1259(1), 1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1259/1/012126
  35. El Shal, M. S., Tawfik M. A., El Shal, A. M., and Metwally, K. A. (2010). Study the effect of some operational Factors on hammer mill. Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 27(1), 54-74. https://dx.doi.org/10.21608/mjae.2010.106853
  36. Tayel, S., El-Nakib, A. E. K., Yehia, I., and El-Esaily, M. (2012). Development of A Granular Processing Machine. Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 29(1), 1-22.‏ https://doi.org/10.21608/mjae.2012.102363
  37. Al-Saedi, F. J. T. (2005). The effect of the degree of grinding fineness, and rate of and diameter of die hole in producing fish pelleting. Master’s Thesis, Department of Agricultural Mechanization, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Iraq, p 17.   
  38. Kulig, R. and Laskowski, J. (2008). Energy requirements for pelleting of chosen feed materials with relation to the material coarseness. TEKA Kom. Mot. Energ. Roln. - OL PAN, 8, 115–120.
  39. Muramatsu, K., Maiorka, A., Dahlke, F., Lopes, A. S., and Pasche, M. (2014). Impact of particle size, thermal processing, fat inclusion, and moisture addition on starch gelatinization of broiler feeds. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 16(4), 367-374.‏ http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1516-635x1604367-374
  40. Al-Juboory, M. K. A., and Abbas, B. A. (2009). Effect of Some Manufacturing Conditions on Fish Pellet Quality. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 40(3), 86-97.‏
  41. Abbas, B. A., Jasim, A. A., and Bander, L. K. (2024). Comparing Different laboratory Methods for Measuring the Feed Pellet Durability. Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences, 16(3), 50-60.‏  https://doi.org/10.36077/kjas/2024/v16i3.11401
  42. Abbas, B. A., Jasim, A. A., and Bander, L. K. (2023). Effect of Particle Size and Die Holes Diameter in the Machine on Broiler Feed Pellets Quality. Iraqi Journal of Market Research and Consumer Protection, 15(2), 39-47.‏ http://dx.doi.org/10.28936/jmracpc15.2.2023.(5)
  43. Abdullah, M. K., Abbas, B. A., and Abdul Sattar, S. S. (2010). An Evaluation of a Locally Produced Instrument to Measure feed Pellet Durability. Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 6(3), 512-526.‏
  44. Abbas, B. A., Jasim A. A., and Bander, L. K. (2023). Effect of speed and die holes diameter in the machine on feed pellets quality. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1252(1), 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1252/1/012116
Statistics
Article View: 718
PDF Download: 298


Journal Management System. Powered by iJournalPro.com