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The impact of direct and indirect mental training on developing self-efficacy and learning several wrestling holds in freestyle wrestling. | ||
| Al-Rafidain Journal For Sport Sciences | ||
| Volume 28, Issue 87, April 2025, Pages 100-120 PDF (1.29 M) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.33899/rjss.2024.145723.1213 | ||
| Author | ||
| Houssain Ahmeed AL_Baiaty* | ||
| University of Mosul/ College of Basic Education/ Department of Physical Education and Sport Science | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The study aims to explore: The effect of mental training (direct and indirect) on developing self-efficacy among third-year students. The superiority of the two educational curricula—direct and indirect mental training—on self-efficacy in the post-test among third-year students. The superiority of the two educational curricula—direct and indirect mental training—on learning wrestling holds in the post-test among third-year students in freestyle wrestling. Methodology: The researcher used the experimental method, which is suitable for the current study's nature. The research population was selected from third-year students in the College of Basic Education, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Mosul, for the academic year 2022–2023, totaling 32 students. The research sample included 24 students (75%), divided into two experimental groups, with 12 students in each group. Findings: Both the direct and indirect mental training curricula implemented by the two experimental groups led to significant improvements in self-efficacy. The first experimental group, which applied the indirect mental training approach, outperformed the second group, which followed the direct mental training approach, in the post-test for self-efficacy. The first experimental group also outperformed the second group in the post-test for learning freestyle wrestling holds. Recommendations: The possibility of utilizing the effects of various mental training methods (direct and indirect) alongside the prescribed curriculum to enhance learning freestyle wrestling holds for first-year students in colleges and departments of physical education. The potential to study the combined approach (direct and indirect) of mental training alongside the prescribed curriculum for teaching freestyle wrestling. The potential to apply direct and indirect mental training methods with the prescribed curriculum for teaching other activities across different age groups. The feasibility of studying the impact of direct and indirect mental training methods alongside the curriculum for teaching female students. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Mental training; self-efficacy; freestyle wrestling | ||
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