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The effectiveness of the athletic self-support program in free will among high school students in the center of Nineveh Governorate | ||
| Al-Rafidain Journal For Sport Sciences | ||
| Volume 28, Issue 87, April 2025, Pages 133-152 PDF (1.68 M) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.33899/rjss.2025.187296 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Nashwan Mohmmed Alobaidy* 1; Nadhim Shaker Al-Wattar2 | ||
| 1An Educational Supervisor in Nineveh Public Directorate of Education | ||
| 2College of Physical Education and Sport Science/ University of Mosul | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The study aims to identify the level of free will among preparatory school students on the left side of Mosul District Center and examine the effectiveness of using a self-reinforcement sports program in the pre-and post-tests on the free will of the experimental group. The researchers hypothesized that there would be statistically significant differences in the degree of free will between the pre-test and post-test for the experimental group. They also hypothesized significant differences in the post-test results between the two study groups on the free will scale in favor of the experimental group. The researchers used the experimental method due to its suitability for the nature of the research. The study sample consisted of fourth-grade preparatory students from Al-Siddiq Preparatory School for Boys in Nineveh Governorate for the academic year (2022–2023), totaling (50) students, divided equally into two groups: one experimental and the other control, with (25) students in each group. The researchers used a free will scale they developed for this purpose, consisting of (38) items. They also used a self-reinforcement sports program composed of (11) sessions, with one session per week, although in some weeks two sessions were conducted. Each session lasted (40) minutes. Both study groups were matched in terms of their scores on the free will scale. To arrive at the study results, the researchers used the SPSS statistical package, employing the following statistical tools: (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test for independent samples, one-sample t-test, paired samples t-test, and Cronbach's alpha formula). The researchers concluded that the self-reinforcement sports program they developed had a noticeable impact on changing the level of free will among preparatory school students. They recommend that the Nineveh Directorate of Education and school administrations pay attention to the psychological and social aspects that affect student behavior by reinforcing positive behavior and supporting students' freedom of choice through self-reinforcement sports programs | ||
| Keywords | ||
| scale; differences; parity | ||
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