College of Physical Education & Sport Sciences/ University of Duhok

Alugaidi, Nabhan Fazea; Alhiali, Mahmood Hamdoon

doi:10.33899/rjss.2025.187302

	College of Physical Education & Sport Sciences/ University of Duhok
Al-Rafidain Journal For Sport Sciences
Volume 28, Issue 87, April 2025, Pages 170-197 PDF (1.44 M)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.33899/rjss.2025.187302
Authors
Nabhan Fazea Alugaidi^* ¹; Mahmood Hamdoon Alhiali²
¹Nineveh Public Directorate of Education
²College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences University of Mosul
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate: The differences in a number of physical variables among the players of the first experimental group, which used the low-pressure method, between the pre-test and post-test. The differences in a number of physical variables among the players of the second experimental group, which used the balanced-pressure method, between the pre-test and post-test. The differences in a number of physical variables among the players of the third experimental group, which used the high-pressure method, between the pre-test and post-test. The differences in a number of physical variables among the three experimental groups in the post-test. The researchers used the experimental method as it is suitable for the nature of the study problem. The researchers have several conclusions, the most important of which are: The three pressure methods implemented by the first, second, and third groups led to significant improvements in the physical variables of futsal players when comparing the pre-and post-tests. The low-pressure method implemented by the first group showed superiority over the second group (which used the balanced-pressure method) and the third group (which used the high-pressure method) when comparing the three study groups in the post-test in terms of (explosive strength of the leg muscles, speed-strength of the leg muscles). The balanced-pressure method implemented by the second group showed superiority over the first group (which used the low-pressure method) when comparing the two groups in the post-test in terms of (general aerobic endurance). The high-pressure method implemented by the third group showed superiority over the first group (which used the low-pressure method) and the second group (which used the balanced-pressure method) when comparing the three study groups in the post-test in terms of (maximum sprinting speed, general aerobic endurance). The researchers made several recommendations: Emphasizing to futsal coaches the use of the low-pressure method in training youth futsal players due to its effectiveness in developing physical variables (explosive strength of the leg muscles, speed-strength of the leg muscles). Emphasizing to futsal coaches the use of the high-pressure method in training youth futsal players due to its effectiveness in developing physical variables (maximum sprinting speed, general aerobic endurance). Conducting similar studies on other team sports. The researchers concluded that the self-reinforcement sports program they developed had a noticeable impact on changing the level of free will among preparatory school students. They recommend that the Nineveh Directorate of Education and school administrations pay attention to the psychological and social aspects that affect student behavior by reinforcing positive behavior and supporting students' freedom of choice through self-reinforcement sports programs.
Keywords
Styles; pressing; defensive; physical; variable

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