Yousif, A., Mejbel, T., Aadim, K., Kadhem, W. (2025). Impact of laser energy on the synthesis and antibacterial performance of CdO nanomaterials. , 43(4), 260-269. doi: 10.30684/etj.2025.158712.1929
Ali A. Yousif; Thikra A. Mejbel; Kadhim A. Aadim; Wasan J. Kadhem. "Impact of laser energy on the synthesis and antibacterial performance of CdO nanomaterials". , 43, 4, 2025, 260-269. doi: 10.30684/etj.2025.158712.1929
Yousif, A., Mejbel, T., Aadim, K., Kadhem, W. (2025). 'Impact of laser energy on the synthesis and antibacterial performance of CdO nanomaterials', , 43(4), pp. 260-269. doi: 10.30684/etj.2025.158712.1929
Yousif, A., Mejbel, T., Aadim, K., Kadhem, W. Impact of laser energy on the synthesis and antibacterial performance of CdO nanomaterials. , 2025; 43(4): 260-269. doi: 10.30684/etj.2025.158712.1929

Impact of laser energy on the synthesis and antibacterial performance of CdO nanomaterials

Engineering and Technology Journal
Volume 43, Issue 4, April 2025, Pages 260-269    PDF (872.34 K)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.30684/etj.2025.158712.1929
Authors
Ali A. Yousif1; Thikra A. Mejbel* 1; Kadhim A. Aadim2; Wasan J. Kadhem3
1Department of Physics, College of Education, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.
2Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq.
3Department of Scientific Basic Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman, Jordan.
Abstract
The objective of the current work is to evaluate the antibacterial efficiency of cadmium oxide nanomaterials (CdO NPs) produced through pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) with laser energy ranging from 400 to 600 mJ. Several characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM), were harnessed to analyze synthesized CdO NPs. The nanoparticles had a spherical shape and a size distribution that reduced with higher laser energy. The XRD study confirmed a polycrystalline cubic structure, while AFM measurements disclosed a drop from 133 to 84 nm in the particle size as laser intensity rose. UV-Vis spectra revealed that intensified laser energy caused a narrowing of the bandgap, which was measured from 2.6 eV at 400 mJ to 2.38 eV at 600 mJ. CdO NPs' antibacterial activity has been determined against Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Escherichia coli (EC) using the colony counting method. The results indicated a considerable reduction in bacterial colonies, with E. coli demonstrating more susceptibility than S. aureus. The findings indicate that PLAL-produced CdO NPs have high antibacterial characteristics, making them promising candidates for biomedical applications, particularly antibacterial coatings and therapies.

Highlights
  • CdO nanoparticles synthesized by laser energies showed a cubic polycrystalline structure with nano-sized crystals.
  • The bandgap decreased with rising laser energy: 2.6, 2.56 & 2.38 eV at 400, 500 & 600 mJ due to quantum effects.
  • The nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus & E. coli, useful for effective agents.
Keywords
Cadmium oxide nanoparticles; Pulsed laser ablation in liquid; Antibacterial activity; Optical properties; Nanoparticle synthesis
References
  1. A. M. Negrescu, M.S. Killian, S.N. Raghu, P. Schmuki, A. Mazare, A. Cimpean, Metal oxide nanoparticles: review of synthesis, characterization and biological effects, J. Funct. Biomater., 13 (2022) 274. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb13040274
  2. A. Z. Skheel, M.H. Jaduaa, A.N. Abd, Green synthesis of cadmium oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications (antibacterial, and anticancer activities), Mater. Today: Proc., 45 (2021) 5793-5799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.03.168
  3. M. Bruchez Jr, M. Moronne, P. Gin, S. Weiss, A.P. Alivisatos, Semiconductor nanocrystals as fluorescent biological labels, Sci., 281 (1998) 2013-2016. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.281.5385.2013
  4. C. Mah, I. Zolotukhin, T. Fraites, J. Dobson, C. Batich, B. Byrne, Microsphere-mediated delivery of recombinant AAV vectors in vitro and in vivo, Mol Ther, 1 (2000) S293.
  5. R.A. Edelstein, C. Tamanaha, P. Sheehan, M. Miller, D. Baselt, L. Whitman, R. Colton, The BARC biosensor applied to the detection of biological warfare agents, Biosens. Bioelectron., 14 (2000) 805-813. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-5663(99)00054-8
  6. J.-M. Nam, C.S. Thaxton, C.A. Mirkin, Nanoparticle-based bio-bar codes for the ultrasensitive detection of proteins, Sci., 301 (2003) 1884-1886. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1088755
  7. R. Mahtab, J.P. Rogers, C.J. Murphy, Protein-sized quantum dot luminescence can distinguish between" straight"," bent", and" kinked" oligonucleotides, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 117 (1995) 9099-9100. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00140a040
  8. J. Ma, H. Wong, L. Kong, K. Peng, Biomimetic processing of nanocrystallite bioactive apatite coating on titanium, Nanotechnol., 14 (2003) 619. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/14/6/310
  9. M. Shinkai, M. Yanase, M. Suzuki, H. Honda, T. Wakabayashi, J. Yoshida, T. Kobayashi, Intracellular hyperthermia for cancer using magnetite cationic liposomes, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 194 (1999) 176-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-8853(98)00586-1
  10. R. S. Molday, D. Mackenzie, Immunospecific ferromagnetic iron-dextran reagents for the labeling and magnetic separation of cells, J. Immunol. Methods, 52 (1982) 353-367. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(82)90007-2
  11. R. Weissleder, G. Elizondo, J. Wittenberg, C. Rabito, H. Bengele, L. Josephson, Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide: characterization of a new class of contrast agents for MR imaging, Radiology, 175 (1990) 489-493. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.175.2.2326474
  12. A. A. Yousif, M.H. Hasan, Gas sensitivity and morphologically characterized of nanostructure CdO doped In2O3 films deposited by pulsed laser deposition, J. Biosens. Bioelectron., 6 (2015) 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-6210.1000192
  13. H. R. Abed, A.I. Khudadad, A.A. Yousif, Impact of high vacuum annealing temperature on the structural, photoluminescence, and room temperature liquefied petroleum gas sensing of direct current magnetron sputtered CdO films, Mater. Chem. Phys., 289 (2022) 126446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2022.126446
  14. Ö. Güler, Ö. Başgöz, M.G. Albayrak, M. Takgün, The Properties of Cadmium Oxide-Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposite Synthesized Via Sol-Gel Method, Eur. J. Tech., 9 (2019) 25-36.
  15. J. C. Rhoda, S. Chellammal, H.M. Albert, K. Ravichandran, C.A. Gonsago, Synthesis, spectroscopic, and antibacterial characterizations of cadmium–based nanoparticles, J. Fluoresc., 34 (2024) 587-598.
  16. A.W. Metz, J.R. Ireland, J.-G. Zheng, R.P. Lobo, Y. Yang, J. Ni, C.L. Stern, V.P. Dravid, N. Bontemps, C.R. Kannewurf, Transparent conducting oxides: texture and microstructure effects on charge carrier mobility in MOCVD-derived CdO thin films grown with a thermally stable, low-melting precursor, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126 (2004) 8477-8492. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja039232z
  17. M.P. Nikolova, M.S. Chavali, Metal oxide nanoparticles as biomedical materials, Biomimetics, 5 (2020) 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics5020027
  18. A. Dixit, R. Bala, B. Pareek, A. Chaudhary, V.S. Jaswal, A review on synthesis of Cadmium and Manganese oxide nanoparticles with its vitro applications, J. Univ. Shanghai Sci. Technol., 23 (2021).
  19. S.T. Hossain, S.K. Mukherjee, CdO nanoparticle toxicity on growth, morphology, and cell division in Escherichia coli, Langmuir, 28 (2012) 16614-16622. https://doi.org/10.1021/la302872y
  20. M. Shukla, S. Kumari, S. Shukla, R. Shukla, Potent antibacterial activity of nano CdO synthesized via microemulsion scheme, J. Mater. Environ. Sci, 3 (2012) 678-685.
  21. A.N. Abd, M.F. Al Marjani, Z.A. Kadham, Synthesis of CdO NPs for antimicrobial activity, Int. J. Thin Films Sci. Technol., 7 (2018) 43-47.
  22. K. Velsankar, S. Sudhahar, G. Maheshwaran, M. Krishna Kumar, Effect of biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles via Cucurbita seed extract on Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquito larvae with its biological applications, J. Photochem. Photobiol., B, 200 (2019) 111650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111650
  23. J. Rhoda, S. Christina, Chellammal, Helen Merina Albert, K. Ravichandran, and C. Alosious Gonsago, Synthesis, Spectroscopic, and Antibacterial Characterizations of Cadmium-Based Nanoparticles, J. Fluoresc., 34 (2024) 587-598. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-023-03290-4
  24. O. A. Fahad, Structural, morphological, and antibacterial for cadmium oxide nanoparticles prepared via pulsed laser ablation, J. Opt., (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-024-02198-x
  25. N. F. Khdr, B.G. Rasheed, B.M. Ahmed, Review on nanomaterials properties produced by laser technique, IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., IOP Publishing, (2021) 012154. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1094/1/012154
  26. A. M. El-Khawaga, A. Zidan, A.I. Abd El-Mageed, Preparation methods of different nanomaterials for various potential applications: A review, J. Mol. Struct., 1281 (2023) 135148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135148
  27. A. H. Rather, T.U. Wani, R.S. Khan, A. Abdal-hay, S.-u. Rather, J. Macossay, F.A. Sheikh, Recent progress in the green fabrication of cadmium sulfide and cadmium oxide nanoparticles: Synthesis, antimicrobial and cytotoxic studies, Mater. Sci. Eng.,: B, 286 (2022) 116022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2022.116022
  28. E. El Agammy, M. Hasaneen, A.A. Essawy, S.M. Moustafa, G. Khalil, A. Nassar, Effect of Nd: YAG pulsed laser on the antibacterial activity and physical properties of newly synthesized composites, CdO/Co3O4 and Ag/CdO/Co3O4, Phys. Scr., 99 (2023) 015903. https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad0fca
  29. H. Zeng, X.W. Du, S.C. Singh, S.A. Kulinich, S. Yang, J. He, W. Cai, Nanomaterials via laser ablation/irradiation in liquid: a review, Adv. Funct. Mater., 22 (2012) 1333-1353. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201102295
  30. G. Yang, Laser ablation in liquids: Applications in the synthesis of nanocrystals, Prog. Mater Sci., 52 (2007) 648-698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2006.10.016
  31. R. H. Shukur, S.M. Hasan, Cadmium Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesis Using Pulsed Laser Ablation in a Liquid Medium and Investigation of their Antibacterial Activity, Front. biomed. Technol., (2024).
  32. S. Dugan, M.M. Koç, B. Coşkun, Structural, electrical and optical characterization of Mn doped CdO photodiodes, J. Mol. Struct., 1202 (2020) 127235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127235
  33. K. Aadim, A. Mohammad, M. Abduljabbar, Influence of laser energy on synthesizes of CdO/Nps in liquid environment, IOP Conference Series, Mater. Sci. Eng., IOP Publishing, (2018) 012028. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/454/1/012028
Statistics
Article View: 218
PDF Download: 155


Journal Management System. Powered by iJournalPro.com