Remediation of aqueous solutions contaminated by benzidine toxic dye using non-conventional adsorbent: morphological and modelling studies

Ibrahim, Suha Anwer; Alhamd, Salem; Ali, Shahad Mudhafar; Abbas, Mohammed Nsaif; Ibrahim, Thekra Atta; Alsarayreh, Alanood A.

doi:10.30772/qjes.2024.149956.1244

	Remediation of aqueous solutions contaminated by benzidine toxic dye using non-conventional adsorbent: morphological and modelling studies
Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences
Article 9, Volume 18, Issue 2, June 2025, Pages 170-182 PDF (20.25 M)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.30772/qjes.2024.149956.1244
Authors
Suha Anwer Ibrahim¹; Salem Alhamd²; Shahad Mudhafar Ali³; Mohammed Nsaif Abbas^* ⁴; Thekra Atta Ibrahim⁵; Alanood A. Alsarayreh⁶
¹Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.
²Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, Kerbala University, Kerbala, Iraq.
³Applied Science Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.
⁴Department of Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.
⁵Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Science, Diyala University, Diyala, Iraq.
⁶Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mutah University, Karak, Jordan.
Abstract
Benzidine, a Class A carcinogen, poses a significant threat in textile industry wastewater as it is a key intermediate in dye production. The promising adsorption technology using agricultural waste has proven to be an effective solution for water pollution. This study explores the potential of pineapple peels (the agricultural wastes of little interest) as a low-cost adsorbent. Pineapple peels, typically discarded in massive quantities annually, exhibited a remarkable 91.064% maximum adsorption efficiency in a batch-type unit. This result was achieved at a pH, agitation speed, initial concentration, adsorbent dose, contact time, temperature, and particle size of 1, 450 rpm, 8 ppm, 3 g, 150 min, 20 °C and 88 µm, respectively. Morphological studies elucidated a surface area of 48.627 m²/g, retaining 11.25% post-treatment. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) tests highlighted various functional groups on the peel’s surface, undergoing alterations upon contact with benzidine. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examinations confirmed structural modifications post-adsorption. The adsorption process demonstrated spontaneity, low entropy, and exothermic behavior. Kinetic modeling revealed that the intra-particle diffusion model best represented the adsorption data. The isothermal behavior of adsorption was aptly described by the Langmuir model. The pineapple peels waste were tested to be a cheap rodenticide for laboratory rats as a benefit manner to dispose these toxic residues. The results show that very good ability to eliminate the rodent with half lethal dose identical with that recorded in literature. Thus, the study offers an economically viable and eco-friendly approach, aligning with the ethos of achieving zero-residue levels in waste management.
Keywords
Adsorption; Benzidine; Carcinogenic; Pineapple peels; ZRL

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