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Criminal Confrontation of the Crime of Electronic Espionage | ||
| AL-Qadisiya Journal For Law and Political Sciences | ||
| Article 11, Volume 16, Issue: 2 part 1, September 2025, Pages 241-274 PDF (1.18 M) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.63677/jqlap.2025.187817 | ||
| Author | ||
| Zainab Mahmoud Hussein* | ||
| University of Kirkuk / College of Law and Political Science | ||
| Abstract | ||
| One of the positive aspects of technology is that it digitizes everything that is paper, making it available to everyone. However, one of its negative aspects is that it poses a threat to information security and private life as a whole. Therefore, digital espionage or digital spying represents one of the dangerous manifestations of the attack on the right of individuals, companies, and even countries to information privacy. Hence the importance of this research paper, which sheds light on an old and new topic, to clarify the extent of the impact of electronic espionage on the right to digital privacy. Especially in light of the new horizons that the communications and information revolution has provided, meaning that the spy is no longer forced to wear disguises or travel to carry out his mission, as was the case in old espionage methods, but he only needs a computer, specific programs, and an Internet network. Technological and technical development in various fields, the growth of international trade, the growth of the international economy, the expansion of free trade zones, the opening of global markets to trade, as well as the emergence of globalization, which made the world like a big village in which all components of international law interact, which contributed to the removal of borders between countries. This phenomenon led to the globalization of the economy and the globalization of culture, and also resulted in the globalization of crime, | ||
| Keywords | ||
| digital; cybercrime; electronic espionage; spyware | ||
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