S. Murad, H. (2025). LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE IN THE MAIN DOMAINS OF AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AMONG PEPPER FARMERS IN ZAKHO CITY. , 23(1), 728-743. doi: 10.32649/ajas.2025.188055
H. S. Murad. "LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE IN THE MAIN DOMAINS OF AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AMONG PEPPER FARMERS IN ZAKHO CITY". , 23, 1, 2025, 728-743. doi: 10.32649/ajas.2025.188055
S. Murad, H. (2025). 'LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE IN THE MAIN DOMAINS OF AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AMONG PEPPER FARMERS IN ZAKHO CITY', , 23(1), pp. 728-743. doi: 10.32649/ajas.2025.188055
S. Murad, H. LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE IN THE MAIN DOMAINS OF AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AMONG PEPPER FARMERS IN ZAKHO CITY. , 2025; 23(1): 728-743. doi: 10.32649/ajas.2025.188055

LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE IN THE MAIN DOMAINS OF AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AMONG PEPPER FARMERS IN ZAKHO CITY

Anbar Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Volume 23, Issue 1, June 2025, Pages 728-743    PDF (537.55 K)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.32649/ajas.2025.188055
Author
H. S. Murad
Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Dohuk, Iraq
Abstract
This research evaluated the level of knowledge among farmers on major agricultural practices domains in pepper growing and listing their relative importance in terms of service operations. A questionnaire was used to collect data on personal and other information from the research population of pepper farmers in Zakho city. The reliability coefficient was calculated through Cronbach's alpha and the data analyzed using several statistical methods, including frequencies, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and the F and T tests. The results showed that most (49.4%) of the respondents were from the middle category, and that knowledge on the procedures for preparing the land for cultivation ranked highest among the farmers while the lowest was on pest and weed control. A significant correlation was noted between their knowledge on the main agricultural practices for pepper plants and the variables involved (age, sources of agricultural information), while no differences were seen in regard to educational level, main profession, source of income, type of ownership, and previous training. The research also includes several conclusions and recommendations
Keywords
Knowledge level; Pepper farmers; Agricultural extension
References
  1. Abdulhaleem, R., Alfalahi, A., and Khaled, B. (2018). Explorative study of agricultural development in Iraq and the Federal Kurdistan Autonomous Region.‏
  2. Aicha, K. (2023). Launching of Al-Rafidain Application for Agricultural Extension. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture: Joint efforts to modernize agricultural extension.
  3. ALHealyi, A. R. D., and Aljarjary, D. N. A. (2020). The role of agricultural extension centers in rural development in Iraq. Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture, 48(4): 60-72.‏
  4. Arab Organization for Agricultural Development. (2000). Arab Food Security Report for 1999, Khartoum, p. 22.
  5. Bauman, A., Jablonski, B. B., Key, N. D., and Hadrich, J. C. (2022). Land tenure and profitability outcomes for US beginning farmers and ranchers.
  6. Danso-Abbeam, G., Ehiakpor, D. S., and Aidoo, R. (2018). Agricultural extension and its effects on farm productivity and income: insight from Northern Ghana. Agriculture and Food Security, 7(1): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-018-0225-x.
  7. El-Khoury, G. (2013). Agriculture and food security in Arab countries: selected indicators. Contemporary Arab Affairs, 6(2): 313-323. https://doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2013.777216.
  8. (2008). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Potato, org, p 13.
  9. (2021). Agricultural value chain study in Iraq – dates, grapes, tomatoes, and wheat.
  10. Gomez, I., and Thivant, L. (2017). Training manual for organic agriculture. Scientific Publishers-UBP.
  11. Hrotkó, K., and Magyar, L. (2010).‏ The Role and Function of Agricultural Extension. e-ifc No. 25.
  12. Jongerden, J. P., Wolters, W., and Dijkxhoorn, Y. (2018). Explorative study of agricultural development in Iraq and the Federal Kurdistan Autonomous Region.
  13. Kalhory, D. A., Hasan, T. M. L., and Sakinaa, M. O. (2024). The attitude of full-time extension workers towards supervising the work of private agricultural projects in Sulaymani Governorate, Anbar Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 22(1): 28-40. https://doi.org/10.32649/ajas.2024.183694.
  14. Kang, S., Kim, Y., Park, H., Woo, S., Uyeh, D. D., and Ha, Y. (2021). Effect of planting distance on the mechanical harvesting of hot pepper. Agriculture, 11(10): 945. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11100945.
  15. Kuhar, T. P., Rideout, S. L., and Reiter, M. S. (2021). Southeastern US Vegetable Crop Handbook.
  16. Launching of Al-Rafidain. (2023). Application for Agricultural Extension the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture: Joint efforts to modernize agricultural extension.
  17. Madison, D. (2017). The illustrated encyclopedia of fruits, vegetables, and herbs: history, botany, cuisine. Chartwell Books.
  18. Malallah, H.S., and Abdulrazzaq, M.B. (2023). Web-based agricultural management products for marketing system: Survey. Academic Journal of Nawroz University, 12(2): 49-62. https://doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v12n2a1532.
  19. Murad, H. S., Amin, S. J., Al-Chalabi, R. A. M., Wasmi, M. K., and Salim, S. (2022). The knowledge level of agricultural extension workers in the climatic changes filed and their effects on agriculture in Duhok Governorate, Iraq. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 38(5): 279-288. https://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.sja/2022/38.5.279.288.
  20. Olson, S., and Robertson, A. (Eds.). (2012). Adapting Agricultural Extension to Peacebuilding: Report of a Workshop by the National Academy of Engineering and United States Institute of Peace: Roundtable on Technology, Science, and Peacebuilding. National Academies Press.
  21. Sengupta, E., and Kapur, V. (2018). Entrepreneurship education to create livelihood among refugees and internally displaced people in the camps of Kurdistan. In Strategies, Policies, and Directions for Refugee Education, pp. 235-248. Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2055-364120180000013013.  
  22. Shokati Amghani, M., Mojtahedi, M., and Savari, M. (2023). An economic effect assessment of extension services of agricultural extension model sites for the irrigated wheat production in Iran. Scientific Reports, 13(1): 16947. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-44290-5.
  23. Smith, H. A., and Liburd, O. E. (2012). Intercropping, Crop Diversity and Pest Management: ENY862/IN922, 2/2012. EDIS, 2012(3). https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-in922-2012.   
  24. (2017). The Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP).
  25. Willer, H., Meier, C., Schlatter, B., Dietemann, L., Kemper, L., and Trávníček, J. (2022). The World of Organic Agriculture 2022—Summary. The world of organic agriculture statistics and emerging trends, 20-30.
  26. Willer, H., Schlatter, B., and Trávníček, J. (2023). The world of organic agriculture statistics and emerging trends 2023.
  27. Yadav, K., Bangari, L., Manukonda, P., and Waris, A. (2023). Role of agricultural extension in knowledge transfer. Recent Approaches in Agriculture, 3: 317-331. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51366-5.  
Statistics
Article View: 844
PDF Download: 223


Journal Management System. Powered by iJournalPro.com