Abed, A., Hussien, A., Falaha, L. (2025). Disaster management-based internet of things using wireless sensor networks. , 43(8), 683-692. doi: 10.30684/etj.2025.158287.1918
Ali Saadi Abed; Anas Ali Hussien; Lara Mwafaq Falaha. "Disaster management-based internet of things using wireless sensor networks". , 43, 8, 2025, 683-692. doi: 10.30684/etj.2025.158287.1918
Abed, A., Hussien, A., Falaha, L. (2025). 'Disaster management-based internet of things using wireless sensor networks', , 43(8), pp. 683-692. doi: 10.30684/etj.2025.158287.1918
Abed, A., Hussien, A., Falaha, L. Disaster management-based internet of things using wireless sensor networks. , 2025; 43(8): 683-692. doi: 10.30684/etj.2025.158287.1918

Disaster management-based internet of things using wireless sensor networks

Engineering and Technology Journal
Volume 43, Issue 8, August 2025, Pages 683-692    PDF (1.36 M)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.30684/etj.2025.158287.1918
Authors
Ali Saadi Abed1; Anas Ali Hussien2; Lara Mwafaq Falaha* 1
1Computer Engineering Department, Collage of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad – Iraq.
2Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), Collage of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad – Iraq.
Abstract
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have become essential in the monitoring and managing environmental disasters, providing real-time data collection and transmission functionalities. Their application is especially crucial in flood-prone areas, where prompt detection and action can reduce substantial human, economic, and infrastructural losses. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) comprise spatially distributed sensors that monitor environmental parameters, including water levels, temperature, and humidity, relaying data to a centralized system for analysis and response. This paper proposes a flood monitoring system based on a wireless sensor network, emphasizing installing water-level sensors in dam basements.  The system employs the ZigBee communication protocol to provide low-power, wireless data transmission between sensor nodes and a base station (BS), which subsequently transmits information to a mobile device through Internet of Things (IoT) integration. This approach is significant due to its capacity for continuous, automated monitoring and early warning of abnormal water levels. When the water level surpasses a specified threshold (26 °C, utilized here as an indicator of water height in the sensor design), the system activates an audio alarm via a buzzer to notify adjacent personnel of potential flooding hazards. The temperature-based surrogate threshold is adjusted according to the sensor's sensitivity and the dam's structural safety restrictions. Experimental findings illustrate the system's efficacy in precisely detecting and conveying real-time variations in water levels.  Furthermore, a comparative study demonstrates that the ZigBee-enabled system provides enhanced energy efficiency, scalability, and transmission range compared to previous technologies employed for analogous applications. This research implies that catastrophe resilience can be improved by integrating IoT and WSN technologies, hence facilitating proactive infrastructure management and enhancing community safety in at-risk areas.

Highlights
  • A threshold of 26 is set; exceeding it activates the buzzer, while lower values deactivate the alarm
  • The system is designed to give people early warning and ensure safety from potential flooding
  • ZigBee features include low power use, easy setup, and long battery life for reliable operation
  • The device is cost-effective to install and requires minimal maintenance
Keywords
Wireless sensor networks; Zigbee; Internet of things; Arduino; Dams
References
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