Khisho, C., Alfahad, M. (2026). Optimization of a Low-Energy Method for Preparation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticle. , 23(1), 33-39. doi: 10.33899/iraqij.p.2025.161186.1154
Chira Ibrahim Khisho; Mohanad Alfahad. "Optimization of a Low-Energy Method for Preparation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticle". , 23, 1, 2026, 33-39. doi: 10.33899/iraqij.p.2025.161186.1154
Khisho, C., Alfahad, M. (2026). 'Optimization of a Low-Energy Method for Preparation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticle', , 23(1), pp. 33-39. doi: 10.33899/iraqij.p.2025.161186.1154
Khisho, C., Alfahad, M. Optimization of a Low-Energy Method for Preparation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticle. , 2026; 23(1): 33-39. doi: 10.33899/iraqij.p.2025.161186.1154

Optimization of a Low-Energy Method for Preparation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticle

Iraqi Journal of Pharmacy
Article 4, Volume 23, Issue 1, March 2026, Pages 33-39    PDF (693.63 K)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.33899/iraqij.p.2025.161186.1154
Authors
Chira Ibrahim Khisho* 1; Mohanad Alfahad2
1Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq
2Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Low-energy methods have gained interest for the preparation of Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) due to their simplicity efficiency, reduced mechanical stress, and lack of need for high energy equipment. This study aimed to compare various low-energy preparation techniques for SLNs, optimize formulation variables, and evaluate their potential for delivering a lipophilic model drug, Vitamin D3. Methods: Multiple individual and combined low-energy methods were employed for SLN preparation, Vitamin D3 was used as a model drug. Key formulation parameters were assessed, and the resulting SLNs were evaluated for particle size, entrapment efficiency and zeta potential. Results: While individual low-energy methods showed limitations such as particle instability and suboptimal size distribution, a novel combined approach overcame these challenges. The optimized formulation exhibited high entrapment efficiency and a favorable zeta potential, indicating good colloidal stability. Conclusions: Comparing low-energy preparation techniques presents a scalable and efficient strategy to improve SLN formulations. The optimized SLNs could be useful in the future for enhanced Vitamin D3 bioavailability and controlled release, supporting their application in drug delivery systems.
Keywords
Solid lipid nanoparticles; Methods of preparation; Low energy methods
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