Response of Pomegranate trees to Climate Changes and Geographical Distribution in Halabja Governorate, Iraq

Abdulrahman, Akram Muhildin; Mahmud, Najmadin Umer; Talib, Delsuz H.; Tawfeq, Farhad M.; Seed, Nask A.; Mohammed, Dara Umer

doi:10.58928/ku25.16303

	Response of Pomegranate trees to Climate Changes and Geographical Distribution in Halabja Governorate, Iraq
Kirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS)
Volume 16, Issue 3, September 2025, Pages 18-29 PDF (821.79 K)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.58928/ku25.16303
Authors
Akram Muhildin Abdulrahman^* ¹; Najmadin Umer Mahmud^* ²; Delsuz H. Talib³; farhad m. Tawfeq⁴; Nask A. Seed⁴; Dara Umer Mohammed^* ⁵
¹Directorate of Agricultural Research in Sulaimaniyah-IRAQ1
²Directorate of Agricultural in Halabja, Horticulture Department-IRAQ
³Soil Research Department
⁴Soil Research Deparment
⁵General Directorate of Agriculture & water resources in Sulaimaniyah-IRAQ
Abstract
Nine- teen villages in Halabja Governorate were surveyed to study the effects of climate change on the expansion of the area of pomegranate cultivation and the production of one dunum of pomegranate trees. The results showed that there were increases in the number of orchards in 17 villages from 2008 to 2014, but after that it decreased to only 4 villages. climate change analysis showed that the temperatures are undergoing a slight gradual change which is clearly evident in the late spring and summer months which include the two important pomegranate flowering months (April and May) with averages throw study period (24.4, 18.5 Oc). Cloud cover is particularly important in the hot months to provide protection for pomegranate flowers This factor has been affected in recent years especially after 2014 when the annual average rose to 1.3 Octas in this year compared to the averages of the years before it After 2014 it continued to rise slightly. Rainfall amounts did not change much during the study years and the changes that occurred were mild in effect except in October which was more severe at a rate of (10.1mm during the study years) compared to the rest of the months also December experienced smaller changes at an annual rate of (8.9 mm). By studying the climate factors the duration of sunshine can be considered the most important factor affecting the quantities of pomegranates produced through its direct impact on the flowering process. In 2019, the duration of sunshine was the highest (9.68 as an annual average) compared to the rest of the study years, whose general averages ranged around (7.5), as May in 2019 was the longest (18.3 hours/day).
Keywords
Pomegranate; climate change; Temperature; Rainfall; Sunshine

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