Role of Salicylic Acid, Biochar, and Their Combinations in Improving Physiological Characteristics of Broad Bean and Decreasing Cadmium Stress

Hasan, Hogr Farman; Esmail, Akram Othman

doi:10.58928/ku25.16325

	Role of Salicylic Acid, Biochar, and Their Combinations in Improving Physiological Characteristics of Broad Bean and Decreasing Cadmium Stress
Kirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS)
Volume 16, Issue 3, September 2025, Pages 216-229 PDF (812.53 K)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.58928/ku25.16325
Authors
hogr farman hasan¹; Akram Othman Esmail^* ²
¹MSc. student at the biology department/ faculty of science/Soran University
²Soil and water Dept., College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Salahaddin University-Erbil
Abstract
Abstract A pot experiment was conducted at the Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Soran University in Soran city, to investigate the influence of salicylic acid (SA), Biochar (B), and their combined effect on the broad bean physiological characteristics exposed to cadmium (Cd) stress. The experiment was included three factors, five levels of cadmium (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 kg⁻¹), two levels of Biochar (0, 250 g pot-1), and two concentrations of salicylic acid (0, 100 mg L-1), and their interactions on certain growth, yield components, and overall yield of the broad bean plant (Vicia faba L.) cultivated in calcareous soil. The factorial pot experiment was conducted utilizing a complete randomized design (CRD) with 5 replications. Results show that cadmium, Biochar, and their interactions substantially influence plant height, the maximum mean height was recorded from Cd2, B1, and Cd2B0 with the mean values of (21.64, 29.23, 22.85 ) cm and the minimum values obtained from Cd5, B0, and Cd4B0 with the mean of (18.47, 20.51, and 17.98) cm. Moreover, the effect of treatments and their interactions significantly influenced pod weight, with maximum values of 127.92, 129.10, 150.66, and 162.50 g for B1, B1SA1, Cd5B1, and Cd5B1SA1, respectively. The minimum values were 102.09, 101.36, 89.03, and 84.53 at B0, B0SA0, Cd1B0, and Cd1B0SA0, respectively. Furthermore, singular treatments and their interactions had significant effect of seed protein content the maximum values were obtained from Cd5, Cd5B1, Cd5SA1, B1SA1, and Cd5B1SA1 with the mean of ( 27.16, 27.23, 27.59, 25.31, and 28.70 )% respectively , while the minimum values( 23.07, 21.20, 21.74, 22.28, and 19.83) % were noted from Cd1, Cd1B0, Cd1SA1, B0SA1, and Cd1B0SA1) respectively.
Keywords
Biochar; Cadmium stress; Salicylic acid; yield; and physiological characteristics

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