Hammadi, A., Salman, M. (2025). Obstacles in The Practice of Change Leadership in Agricultural Extension Organizations to Achieve Sustainable Development Dimensions, Iraq. , 23(2), 1122-1138. doi: 10.32649/ajas.2025.189161
A. Y. Hammadi; M. A. Salman. "Obstacles in The Practice of Change Leadership in Agricultural Extension Organizations to Achieve Sustainable Development Dimensions, Iraq". , 23, 2, 2025, 1122-1138. doi: 10.32649/ajas.2025.189161
Hammadi, A., Salman, M. (2025). 'Obstacles in The Practice of Change Leadership in Agricultural Extension Organizations to Achieve Sustainable Development Dimensions, Iraq', , 23(2), pp. 1122-1138. doi: 10.32649/ajas.2025.189161
Hammadi, A., Salman, M. Obstacles in The Practice of Change Leadership in Agricultural Extension Organizations to Achieve Sustainable Development Dimensions, Iraq. , 2025; 23(2): 1122-1138. doi: 10.32649/ajas.2025.189161

Obstacles in The Practice of Change Leadership in Agricultural Extension Organizations to Achieve Sustainable Development Dimensions, Iraq

Anbar Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Volume 23, Issue 2, December 2025, Pages 1122-1138    PDF (477.04 K)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.32649/ajas.2025.189161
Authors
A. Y. Hammadi; M. A. Salman
College of Agriculture Engineering Sciences, Baghdad University, Iraq
Abstract
This research aimed to identify the obstacles facing the practice of change leadership in agricultural extension organizations to achieve sustainable development in Iraq. The research community included 15 provinces in Iraq, except for the Kurdistan region. A random 50% sample was taken in 8 provinces. A proportional stratified sample was taken from workers in agricultural extension organizations within the Agricultural Extension and Training Department and the Directorates of Agriculture in the relevant governorates. The sample involved 721 workers of which 251 or 34.8% were selected. A questionnaire comprising 47 paragraphs covering five topics was administered for data collection from the workers. The findings showed that economic issues led in terms of importance with a weighted average of 4.06 degrees and a percentage weight of 81.2%, while social and behavioral obstacles were the least important at 3.65 degrees and 73%. It can be concluded that the general orientation toward economic constraints falls within the high range. This indicates that participants recognize the importance of economic resources as a potential area for change, as their diverse activities offer significant opportunities to improve income and enhance economic prospects
Keywords
Obstacles; Change leadership; Agricultural extension organizations; Dimensions of sustainable development
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