Kinetic and thermodynamic study of a traditional dye as catalyst for thiol oxidation in sour kerosene

Sabeeh, Nawras Shareef

doi:10.30772/qjes.2025.162803.1640

	Kinetic and thermodynamic study of a traditional dye as catalyst for thiol oxidation in sour kerosene
Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences
Volume 18, Issue 4, December 2025, Pages 426-431 PDF (6.96 M)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.30772/qjes.2025.162803.1640
Author
Nawras Shareef Sabeeh^*
Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq.
Abstract
The oxidation process of thiols with air is industrially used to treat light petroleum products in the presence of an alkaline solution and a supported catalyst. A low-cost, traditional dye, cobaltous phthalocyanine salt, was used as the active component for catalyst preparation. The supported catalyst was experimentally prepared by impregnation the activated carbon (d_p = 1.971 mm) with the uric dye solution in a laboratory batch unit. The prepared catalyst was tested for the oxidation of thiols present in row kerosene. All kinetic experiments were carried out at constant pressure concurrent fixed-bed unit. The effect of temperature and LHSV on conversion percent was investigated. Attempts were made to correlate the data with first and second-order reactions, and it was found that the first-order kinetics correlates the data well with an activation energy of 24.48 kJ/mol. This indicates that the synthesised catalyst is effective and necessary for the reaction to proceed at moderate temperatures with a sufficient rate. Also, the change of enthalpy and entropy were found to be equal to 21.94 kJ/mol and 0.153 kJ/mol K, respectively, with an average Gibbs free energy change of -24.802 kJ/mol. These values indicate that the reaction is weakly spontaneous and thermodynamically favourable, and could proceed at a suitable rate in the presence of the prepared catalyst. Furthermore, the Thiele modulus and internal effectiveness factor were examined, and it was found that the internal diffusion is the major resistance for the oxidation reaction proceeding, and the oxidation reaction takes place only on the outer layer of the surface of the pellets.
Keywords
Kinetics; Thermodynamics; Dye; Catalyst; Oxidation; Thiol; Kerosene

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