Ethanol Plant Extracts Susceptibility and Molecular Characterization of Facklamia hominis: An Emerging Atypical Gram-Positive Pathogen

Hddad, Aamer Rajab; Abdullah, Basima A.

doi:10.33899/rjs.2025.162503.1488

	Ethanol Plant Extracts Susceptibility and Molecular Characterization of Facklamia hominis: An Emerging Atypical Gram-Positive Pathogen
Rafidain Journal of Science
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 03 September 2025
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2025.162503.1488
Authors
Aamer Rajab Hddad^* ¹; Basima A. Abdullah²
¹department of biology/ college of science/ university of Mosul
², Al-Qabas Private College/ Mosul/ Iraq
Abstract
This study aimed to detect the presence of atypical Gram-positive bacteria and evaluate their susceptibility to selected plant extracts through analysis of 200 diverse clinical specimens collected from patients in many hospitals in Mosul/ Iraq. Specimens included blood, pus, vaginal swabs, and urine. Bacterial isolation and identification were performed using standardized microbiological techniques. Among the results, the species of the bacteria was very diverse, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative with particular distributions gained according to the source of a sample. Out of the isolates, 37 were Gram positive and they included general species of Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., and Lactobacillus spp. Gram negative included Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp., and Pseudmonas spp as well as limited fungal isolates mainly Candida spp. Some of the samples showed absence of microbial growth. Of these four rare isolates of the genus Facklamia spp., namely Facklamia hominis, only twice occurring in two urines and two vaginal swab samples(Al-Saliem and Al-Rawy). Were determined by molecular investigation. This was confirmed by phenotypic evaluation, species-specific PCR as well as 16SrRNA gene sequencing and it was the first case of clinical isolate of F. hominis to be reported in Iraq. These are deposited in GenBank (accession no. PV719694.1 to PV719697.1). The comparative genomic results revealed considerable similarity to international strains, with local mutations, which might be the case of adaptation. Plant extract susceptibility testing provided different degrees of resistance which point to genetic diversity and plasticity of F. hominis
Keywords
Facklamia hominis; molecular identification; 16S rRNA sequencing; plant extract susceptibility

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