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The Occurrence of CRISPR-encoding Genes in Extensively Drug-resistant Escherichia Coli Causing Urinary Tract Infection | ||
| Al- Anbar Medical Journal | ||
| Volume 21, Issue 4, October 2025, Pages 223-229 PDF (4.39 M) | ||
| Document Type: Original articles | ||
| DOI: 10.33091/amj.2025.158299.2162 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Mushtak T. S. Al-Ouqaili* 1; Nabaa Q. Jameel2; Marwa M. Sabri3 | ||
| 1Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Anbar, Ramadi City, Anbar Governorate, Iraq | ||
| 2Department of Biology, College of Education for Women, University of Anbar, Ramadi City, Anbar Governorate, Iraq | ||
| 3Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Anbar, Ramadi City, Anbar Governorate, Iraq | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Background: The rapid proliferation of antimicrobial resistant superbugs, particularly multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Escherichia (E. coli), is a significant global public health issue. Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and clinical relevance of CRISPR systems in MDR and XDR E. coli isolates from urinary tract infections (UTIs) and their association with antimicrobial resistance patterns. Materials and Methods: Eighty E. coli culture-positive clinical specimens from patients with UTIs were identified using the VITEK® 2 Compact System and submitted to antibacterial sensitivity surveillance using selected Gram-negative cards according to CLSI guidelines. E. coli ATCC 25922 was used as a quality control strain. CRISPR-2, -3, and -4 gene detection was performed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results: Out of 120 clinical specimens, 80 yielded positive cultures, including 45 (56.25%) resistant E. coli isolates. Among these, 32 (71%) were MDR, 12 (26.7%) XDR, and one (2.2%) non-MDR. CRISPR-2, -3, and -4 were detected in 66.7%, 82.2%, and 22.2% of E. coli isolates, respectively. Co-occurrence of CRISPR-2 and -3 was found in 60%, CRISPR-3 and -4 in 22.2%, and CRISPR-2 and -4 in 15.6% of isolates. In MDR strains, CRISPR-2 and -3 were common, while CRISPR-4 was rare. In XDR isolates, the frequencies of CRISPR-2, -3, and -4 were 22.7%, 25%, and 20.5%, respectively. Conclusion: CRISPR-2 and CRISPR-3 are strongly associated with MDR E. coli, while their reduced presence in XDR strains may indicate CRISPR loss or suppression during resistance evolution, suggesting a role in bacterial adaptation. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| CRISPR/Cas Systems; Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli; Urinary tract infections; Antimicrobial resistance | ||
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