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Sero-Epidemiological Assessment and Molecular Analysis of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Small Ruminants in Maysan Governorate, Southern Iraq | ||
| Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research | ||
| Article 4, Volume 24, Issue 3, September 2025, Pages 38-49 PDF (612.05 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.23975/bjvr.2025.160741.1222 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Thulfiqar Hussein Abu Al Leil* 1; Israa Abdulwadood Alsaad2 | ||
| 1Animal Wealth Department, Wasit Agriculture Directorate, Wasit Province, Iraq | ||
| 2Department of Internal and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basra / Iraq | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe zoonotic disease in which ticks serve as both the primary vector and natural reservoir for the virus. Small ruminants are considered amplifying hosts and a potential source of human infection, making them a relevant model for epidemiological studies. This study represents the first investigation of CCHF in Maysan Governorate, southern Iraq. A total of 174 serum samples (98 sheep and 76 goats) were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The overall seroprevalence rate was 31.6%, with 34.7% in sheep and 27.6% in goats. Regional differences were observed, with the highest seropositivity in Al-Kahla (36.6%), followed by Al-Maimouna and Qalat Salih (33.3% each), Al-Amara (32.5%), Al-Majar Al-Kabir (29.5%), and the lowest in Ali Al-Gharbi (23.3%). A statistically significant association (P < 0.05) was found between seroprevalence and animal age, whereas no significant difference was observed based on sex (P ≥ 0.05). In parallel, 810 ticks were collected from the same animals and grouped into 41 pools according to collection sites. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that 85% (35/41) of tick pools contained detectable CCHFV RNA, with Ct values ≤ 40 in most cases. These findings highlight a high level of viral circulation among tick populations in the study area and underscore their critical role as active vectors of CCHFV. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| zoonotic; CCHF; Tick-borne disease; ELISA; Nairoviridae | ||
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