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Immunostimulation and Novel Therapeutic Properties of Probiotic Bacteria in The Prevention of Mammary Gland Inflammation: A Review Article | ||
| Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research | ||
| Article 12, Volume 24, Issue 3, September 2025, Pages 136-150 PDF (517.88 K) | ||
| Document Type: Review Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.23975/bjvr.2025.162790.1233 | ||
| Author | ||
| Khulood Abdulkareem Hussein1, Raghad Malih Jasim 2 ,Ekhlass Hamad Falih2 .* | ||
| university of Basrah | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The most prevalent and financially important inflammatory disease of the mammary gland is mastitis, which affects both humans and animals, especially those involved in dairy manufacturing. Mastitis increases the chance of culling the affected animals, decreases milk production, and poor quality of milk. In general, infections caused by bacteria that penetrate the mammary epithelial cells and interfere with the mechanical barrier, as well as produce severe inflammation, are the main cause of the infection and disease. Conventional antibiotics are still the standard of treatment, but their extensive usage raises significant concerns about recurring infections, milk residual contamination, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Recently, there has been increasing interest in investigating non-antibiotic alternatives and potential treatment methods such as immunobiotics, or probiotics (lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium spp.), which have immunomodulatory properties along with their bioactive compound antimicrobial, antibiofilm, anti-inflammatory, and immune stimulation. This is one novel preventive method for the treatment and avoidance of bovine mastitis. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Bovine mastitis; Mammary gland inflammation; Probiotic; Immunostimulation | ||
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