- All Journals
- Al-Qadisiyah University
- Basrah University
- Kirkuk University
- Mosul University
- The Iraqi Borad for Medical Specialization
- University of Anbar
- University of Technology
- Al Mustafa University
- Al-Zahraa University for Women
- Alnoor University
- Kunooz University
- Misan University
- Ninevah University
- Tikrit University
- University of Al-Hamdaniya
- University of Kerbala
An Approach of Employing Some Cosmological Parameters to Describe the Friedmann Micro- Universe | ||
| Rafidain Journal of Science | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 06 October 2025 | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2025.162957.1494 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Mohammed Khayri Zeki1; Imad Ahmed Al-Ibrahimi* 2; Sherwan kheralden Yakub3 | ||
| 1Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Mosul, Nineveh, Iraq | ||
| 2department of physics, college of sciences, mosul of university. | ||
| 3Department of Communication Engineering, College of Electronic Engineering, Ninevah University, Nineveh, Mosul, Iraq | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The Friedmann-model was proposed as a solution to Einstein's formulae, so as to get multiple sets of equations specifying cosmological parameters. The time and temperature evolution of a number of cosmological parameters, including scale factor, energy density, pressure, Hubble parameter, and deceleration parameter, which describe the macro world, have been studied in the context of radiation, matter, and dark energy. To describe the micro universe, Fridmann models require to be modified by going back in time to get a new definition for the cosmological parameters. A way that describes Friedmann as a micro universe considered that the strong force (short rang) operates by an equation like that of Einstein equations. The Einstein field equations, which concentrate on the large space-time structure of the universe, will be modified accordingly to take into consideration the small range scale. The cosmological parameter for the macro and micro universes were displayed against temperature and time going back to the end of radiation dominated to matter dominated eras, representing that the universe exhibits a shift from an accelerated expansion of macro universe to a decelerated expansion of micro universe. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Friedmann model; early universe; cosmological parameters; hadronic universe | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 70 |
||