[1] Ajoolabady A, Pratico D, Lin L, Mantzoros CS, Bahijri S, Tuomilehto J, et al. Inflammation in atherosclerosis: pathophysiology and mechanisms. Cell Death &; Disease. 2024;15(11). 10.1038/s41419-024-07166-8
[2] Kawai K, Finn AV, Virmani R, Garg P, Bhatia H, Allen T, et al.Subclinical Atherosclerosis: Part 1: What Is it? Can it Be Defined at the Histological Level? Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2024;44(1):12–23.doi:10.1161/atvbaha.123.319932
[3] Okamura T, Tsukamoto K, Arai H, Fujioka Y, Ishigaki Y, Koba S, et al. Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2022.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis. 2024;31(6):641-853.doi:10.5551/jat.GL2022
[4] Toth P.Subclinical atherosclerosis: what it is, what it means and what we can do about it.International journal of clinical practice. 2008;62(8):1246-54.doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2008.01804.x
[5] Ibanez B, Fernandez-Ortiz A, Fernandez-Friera L, Garcia-Lunar I, Andres V, Fuster V.Progression of early subclinical atherosclerosis (PESA) study: JACC focus seminar 7/8.Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2021;78(2):156-79.doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2021.05.011
[6] Yamakawa H, Kato TS, Noh JY, Yuasa S, Kawamura A, Fukuda K, et al.Thyroid Hormone Plays an Important Role in Cardiac Function: From Bench to Bedside.Frontiers in Physiology. 2021;12. doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.606931
[7] Marino L, Kim A, Ni B, Celi FS. Thyroid hormone action and liver disease, a complex interplay. Hepatology. 2023;81(2):651–669.doi:10.1097/hep.0000000000000551
[8] Zwahlen J, Gairin E, Vianello S, Mercader M, Roux N, Laudet V. The ecological function of thyroid hormones.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 2024;379(1898):20220511. doi:10.1098/rstb.2022.0511
[9] Manka P, Coombes JD, Sydor S, Swiderska-Syn MK, Best J, Gauthier K, et al.Thyroid hormone receptor alpha modulates fibrogenesis in hepatic stellate cells.Liver International. 2023;44(1):125–138. doi:10.1111/liv.15759
[10] Park S, Siwakoti RC, Ferguson KK, Cathey AL, Hao W, Cantonwine DE, et al. Associations of urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites and their mixture with thyroid hormone concentration during pregnancy in the LIFECODES cohort: A repeated measures study. Environmental Research. 2024;255:119205.doi:10.1016/j.envres.2024.119205
[11] Bruschetta G, Bionda A, Giunta RP, Costa GL, Fazio E, Licata P, et al. Can Productive Aptitude and Age Affect Circulating Serotonin, Total Thyroid Hormones, and Cortisol Patterns in Cows? Veterinary Sciences. 2024;11(10):471.doi:10.3390/vetsci11100471
[12] Yan K, Sun X, Fan C, Wang X, Yu H. Unveiling the role of gut microbiota and metabolites in autoimmune thyroid diseases: emerging perspectives.International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024;25(20):10918.doi:10.3390/ijms252010918
[13] Sinha RA, Yen PM. Metabolic Messengers: Thyroid Hormones. Nature Metabolism. 2024;6(4):639–650.doi:10.1038/s42255-024-00986-0
[14] Olanrewaju OA, Asghar R, Makwana S, Yahya M, Kumar N, Khawar MH, et al.Thyroid and Its Ripple Effect: Impact on Cardiac Structure, Function, and Outcomes.Cureus. 2024.doi:10.7759/cureus.51574
[15] Heuer H, Visser TJ.Pathophysiological Importance of Thyroid Hormone Transporters.Endocrinology. 2009;150(3):1078–1083.doi:10.1210/en.2008-1518
[16] Davies TF.A case-based guide to clinical endocrinology.Springer Nature; 2022
[17] Davies K, Keil M.Advanced Practice in Endocrinology Nursing.Llahana S, Follin C, Yedinak C, Grossman A, editors. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2019.doi:10.1007/9783-319-99817-6
[18] Susan S, Maurice G.Basic Medical Endocrinology.Springer; 2009.doi:10.1007/s12020-009-9149-3
[19] Fatourechi V.Hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis.Endocrinology and Diabetes: A Problem-Oriented Approach. 2013:9-21
[20] Sharrett AR, Ballantyne C, Coady S, Heiss G, Sorlie P, Catellier D, et al.Coronary heart disease prediction from lipoprotein cholesterol levels, triglycerides, lipoprotein (a), apolipoproteins AI and B, and HDL density subfractions: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.Circulation. 2001;104(10):1108-13.doi:10.1161/hc3501.095214
[21] Chen Q, Abudukeremu A, Li K, Zheng M, Li H, Huang T, et al.High-Density Lipoprotein Subclasses and Their Role in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024;25(14):7856.doi:10.3390/ijms25147856
[22] Mortensen MB, Dzaye O, Bøtker HE, Jensen JM, Maeng M, Bentzon JF, et al. Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Is Predominantly Associated With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Events in Patients With Evidence of Coronary Atherosclerosis: The Western Denmark Heart Registry. Circulation. 2023;147(14):1053–1063.doi:10.1161/circulationaha.122.061010
[23] Talayero BG, Sacks FM.The Role of Triglycerides in Atherosclerosis.Current Cardiology Reports. 2011;13(6):544–552.doi:10.1007/s11886-011-0220-3
[24] Gidding SS, Allen NB.Cholesterol and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Lifelong Problem. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2019;8(11).doi:10.1161/jaha.119.012924
[25] Ramoni D, Tirandi A, Montecucco F, Liberale L. Sepsis in elderly patients: the role of neutrophils in pathophysiology and therapy. Internal and Emergency Medicine. 2024;19(4):901–917. doi:10.1007/s11739-023-03515-1
[26] Lu H.Inflammatory liver diseases and susceptibility to sepsis.Clinical Science. 2024;138(7):435–487. 10.1042/cs20230522
[27] Karagoz I, ozer B, Aktas G. The predictors of outcome in patients that require management in intensive care units: A narrative review. Hitit Medical Journal. 2024;6(3):367–378. 10.52827/hititmedj.1443663
[28] Zhang Y, Sun H, Gandhi A, Du Y, Ebrahimi S, Jiang Y, et al. Role of shear stress-induced red blood cell released ATP in atherosclerosis.American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 2025;328(4):H774–H791.doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00875.2024
[29] Díez-Díez M, Ramos-Neble BL, de la Barrera J, Silla-Castro J, Quintas A, Vázquez E, et al. Unidirectional association of clonal hematopoiesis with atherosclerosis development.Nature medicine. 2024;30(10):2857-66.doi:10.1038/s41591-024-03213-1
[30] Kaya AD.Comparison of inflammatory biomarkers between peripheral artery disease patients and healthy individuals.Cardiovascular Surgery and Interventions. 2024;11(3):183–192.doi:10.5606/ecvsi.2024.1694
[31] Liao M, Liu L, Bai L, Wang R, Liu Y, Zhang L, et al.Correlation between novel inflammatory markers and carotid atherosclerosis: A retrospective case-control study.PLOS ONE. 2024;19(5):e0303869. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0303869
[32] Zaib S, Ahmad S, Khan I, Bin Jardan YA, Fentahun Wondmie G.An evaluation of inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction markers as determinants of peripheral arterial disease in those with diabetes mellitus.Scientific Reports. 2024;14(1).doi:10.1038/s41598-024-65188-w
[33] Poznyak AV, Sadykhov NK, Kartuesov AG, Borisov EE, Sukhorukov VN, Orekhov AN.Atherosclerosis Specific Features in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Biomedicines. 2022;10(9):2094. doi:10.3390/biomedicines10092094
[34] Nakano T. Atherosclerotic Diseases in Chronic Kidney Disease. Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis. 2025;32(2):111–119.doi:10.5551/jat.rv22030
[35] Mohamed ON, Mohamed MRM, Hassan IG, Alakkad AF, Othman A, Setouhi A, et al. The Relationship of Fetuin-A with Coronary Calcification, Carotid Atherosclerosis, and Mortality Risk in Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease. Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis. 2024;13(2):194. doi:10.12997/jla.2024.13.2.194
[36] Takahashi K, Inoue Y, Tada K, Hiyamuta H, Ito K, Yasuno T, et al.Skipping Breakfast and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in the General Japanese Population: the Iki City Epidemiological Study of Atherosclerosis and Chronic Kidney Disease (ISSA-CKD).Kidney and Blood Pressure Research. 2024.doi:10.1159/000539653
[37] Joo YS, Yun HR, Kim HW, Koh HB, Jung CY, Chang TI, et al.Smoking cessation and atherosclerotic cardiovascular events and mortality in chronic kidney disease.Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 2024;40(6):1203–1212.doi:10.1093/ndt/gfae268
[38] Rudolfsen J, Vukmirica J, Apecechea NS, Mortensen MB.Systemic inflammation and risk of death in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease.European Heart Journal. 2024;45(Supplement_1).doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehae666.2740
[39] Wang J, Wu Q, Wang X, Liu H, Chen M, Xu L, et al. Targeting Macrophage Phenotypes and Metabolism as Novel Therapeutic Approaches in Atherosclerosis and Related Cardiovascular Diseases. Current Atherosclerosis Reports. 2024;26(10):573–588.doi:10.1007/s11883-024-01229-z
[40] Meng L, Zhu Q, Ma F, Wang J, Lu W, Zheng M, et al.Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for anxiety and depression in patients with coronary heart disease and subclinical hypothyroidism. Scientific Reports. 2024;14(1).doi:10.1038/s41598-024-77516-1
[41] Zhou Xz, Shi R, Wang J, Shi K, Liu X, Li Y, et al.Characteristics of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism: Evaluation Using Coronary Artery Computed Tomography Angiography.BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. 2021.doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-379839/v1
[42] Kaushik A, Agrawal M. Relationship Between Subclinical Hypothyroidism and the Risk of Cardiovascular Complications.Cureus. 2023.doi:10.7759/cureus.33708
[43] Corona G, Croce L, Sparano C, Petrone L, Sforza A, Maggi M, et al. Thyroid and heart, a clinically relevant relationship.Journal of Endocrinological Investigation. 2021;44(12):2535–2544. doi:10.1007/s40618-021-01590-9
[44] Biondi B, Cappola AR. Subclinical hypothyroidism in older individuals. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. 2022;10(2):129–141.doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00285-0
[45] Zhao D, Xu F, Yuan X, Feng W. Impact of subclinical hypothyroidism on outcomes of coronary bypass surgery.Journal of Cardiac Surgery. 2021;36(4):1431–1438.doi:10.1111/jocs.15395
[46] Mahmud NMM, Jagdewsing DR, Ji X, Harine I, Adjibou B, Fahmy NSC, et al.Association Between Different Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Levels and Macrovascular Complications in Subclinical Hypothyroidism Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Cureus. 2025.doi:10.7759/cureus.79186
[47] Kocełak P, Owczarek AJ, Mossakowska M, Puzianowska-Kuźnicka M, Bolanowski M, OlszaneckaGlinianowicz M, et al. Subclinical thyroid dysfunction and mortality in an older, communitydwelling population—results of the PolSenior study.Clinical Endocrinology. 2025;102(6):730-41. doi:10.1111/cen.15220
[48] Pu S, Zhao B, Jiang Y, Cui X.Hypothyroidism/subclinical hypothyroidism and metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatotic liver disease: advances in mechanism and treatment.Lipids in Health and Disease. 2025;24(1).doi:10.1186/s12944-025-02474-0
[49] Amdisen L, Brink C, Lorenzen E, Roenlev J, Ewertz M, Cronin-Fenton D. Risk of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Breast Cancer Patients Treated With CT-Guided Radiation Therapy: A Prospective Observational Study.Clinical Epidemiology. 2025;Volume 17:41–49.doi:10.2147/clep.s496579