Some Inflammatory Cytokine Profiling in Bladder Cancer Patients with and without Urinary Tract Infections

Ahmed Jawad  Ruaa SH, Sarah

	Some Inflammatory Cytokine Profiling in Bladder Cancer Patients with and without Urinary Tract Infections
Al-Kunooze Scientific Journal
Volume 11, Issue 3, July 2025, Pages 159-165 PDF (364.26 K)
Document Type: Original Article
Author
Sarah Ahmed Jawad Ruaa SH
Abstract
Background: Excessive inflammation in bladder cancer cases often leads to complications, and UTIs have been shown to strengthen existing bladder inflammation. IL-1β and TNF-α function as crucial during this process. The inflammatory mediators, pro-inflammatory cytokines, guide infection defense against UTIs and cancer susceptibility and progression. Aim of the study: The first objective of this research was to assess and differentiate IL-1β and TNF-α concentrations in bladder cancer patients with recurring or without UTIs. This research examined how UTIs affect bladder cancer patients' inflammatory cytokines in their bloodstream while studying whether such infections correlate with cytokine measurements. Methods: Researchers obtained 76 blood samples totaling 2ml from bladder cancer patients throughout the Oncology Center in Najaf Governorate from June 2024 until December 2024. This investigation included patient populations between the ages of 45 to 75 years. Researchers measured IL-1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) concentrations through bladder cancer samples obtained from 40 patients with UTIs versus samples obtained from 36 patients who did not develop UTIs. Blood samples were collected from healthy individuals to serve as a control group. Results: This study analyzed 76 blood samples from bladder cancer patients,40 of whom also had a urinary tract infection (UTI), including 30 males and 10 females aged 50–75. The remaining 36 patients, all males aged 60–70, had bladder cancer without UTI. Additionally, 30 healthy individuals served as controls. Immunological analysis showed significantly elevated levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in bladder cancer patients with UTI compared to those without UTI and the control group. Notably, TNF-α levels were highest in the UTI group (1.7525 ± 0.0693) and progressively lower in non-UTI patients and controls. A similar pattern was seen for IL-1β, with UTI patients showing the highest levels (1.7217 ± 0.0387), followed by non-UTI patients (1.2705 ±0.0557), and controls (0.7585 ± 0.0458). These differences were statistically significant (p = 0.0001).
Keywords
Cytokine Profiling; Bladder Cancer; Urinary Tract Infections

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