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Efficient Treatment of Cattle Farm Wastewater: A Combined Approach Using Natural Coagulants with Agricultural Waste Filtration | ||
| Kirkuk Journal of Science | ||
| Volume 20, Issue 4, December 2025, Pages 43-52 PDF (426.16 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.32894/kujss.2025.163478.1237 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Ruya M. Ahmed* 1; Mohammed A. Othman2 | ||
| 1Department of Environmental Sciences and Health, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. | ||
| 2Department of Environmental Sciences and Health, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq | ||
| Abstract | ||
| In the present study, a three-step experimental process was used to treat the dairy cow farm wastewater (DCFW) from the Rami farm in Balenda town, Barzan. The initial phase was sedimentation, which was followed by coagulation using different concentrations of natural Zeolite (Z) and Moringa oleifera seeds (MO). The final step was filtering using physically processed rice straw (RS). Each stage evaluated separately by determining removal percentages of pollutant, and the entire process was then evaluated using the same method. Optimum concentrations for each coagulant used were 0.7 g.500ml-1 for Z and 0.5 g.500ml-1 for MO, according the jar-test results. The maximum removal efficiency for COD, BOD, TSS, TDS, EC, TN, and TOC was obtained with 0.7 g.500ml-1for Z during the coagulation process. On the other hand, MO showed an improved removal efficiency for TP at 0.5 g.500ml-1. According to the related results MO outperformed the natural coagulant Z in the removal of phosphorus, while Z was more effective in eliminating a broader range of organic and inorganic pollutants. A comprehensive evaluation of the whole treatment system, involving filtration using physically activated rice straw (RS), revealed optimal removal performance when Z at 0.7 g.500ml-1 was employed as the coagulant. Attained removal percentages were 75.91% for COD, 80.28 % for BOD, 79.86 % for TSS, 71.42 % for TDS, 68.74 % for EC, 75.99 % for TN, and 73.84 % TOC. Conversely, the specific combination (0.5 g.500ml-1 MO + RS filtration) consistently yielded the highest TP removal efficiencies of 72.59 %. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| cattle farm wastewater; coagulation; Zeolite; Moringa oleifera seeds; rice straw; filtration | ||
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