Rates of AKI and Evaluation of Estimated GFR in COVID-19 Patients

Alsalamy, Jafar; Malik, Arif Sami

doi:10.52573/ipmj.2025.158266

	Rates of AKI and Evaluation of Estimated GFR in COVID-19 Patients
Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal
Volume 25, Issue 2, April 2026, Pages 202-209 PDF (3.91 M)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.52573/ipmj.2025.158266
Authors
Jafar Alsalamy^* ¹; arif sami malik²
¹FIBMS
²internal medicine department / alnahrain college of medicine
Abstract
Background Covid 19 was reported in Wuhan China in 2019, it is the third coronavirus infecting people from animals, increasing evidence indicate that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is companied by renal dysfunction. Objective To evaluate the rate of acute kidney injury in patient diagnosed with covid 19 through serial evaluation of EGFR using the most accurate equation and serial changes in urine output and serum creatinine in order to elicit the diagnosis of acute kidney injury. Patients and Methods One hundred patients were randomly selected from isolation centers and consultation clinic and were followed in a period of 2 weeks and evaluated for the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) using the KIDGO criteria, and was correlated with severity, inflammatory markers, comorbidities and patients’ demographics. Results The incidence of AKI in this study was 22%. The analysis revealed significant differences across various parameters. The AKI group had a notably higher mean age of 66.7 ± 14.6 years compared to 45.0 ± 18.1 years in the No AKI group. Co-morbidities, particularly the presence of two or more, diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease, were more prevalent in the AKI group. The severity of COVID-19 was strongly linked to AKI, with a majority of severe cases observed in the AKI group. The distribution of KIDGO stages revealed that the majority of cases were categorized as Stage 1, constituting 59.1% (n=13). Stage 2 and Stage 3 were observed in 22.7% (n=5) and 18.2% (n=4) of the cohort, respectively. Assessing kidney outcomes, 36.4% (n=8) of the patients experienced recovery, while 31.8% (n=7) succumbed to the condition, and an equal percentage persisted with renal complications. Conclusion AKI in COVID 19 patients was common and it’s related to severity, old age, hypertension, diabetes and elevated inflammatory markers. The occurrence of AKI can predict higher mortality among patients.
Keywords
Acute kidney injury; COVID-19; Glomerular filtration rate; SARS-COV-2; Prognosis

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