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Elemental Composition and Health Risk Assessment of Smyrnium perfoliatum (L.): A Medicinal Plant with Therapeutic Potential | ||
| Rafidain Journal of Science | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 15 December 2025 | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.33899/rjs.2025.165470.1518 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Basheer Shawkat Issa1; Haval Mohammed Ali* 2; Mohammed Ahmed Khudher3 | ||
| 1Ararat Private Technical Institute | ||
| 2Chemistry Department, College of Science, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq | ||
| 3ministry of Agriculture & water resources general directorate of horticulture & Forests & rangeland directorate of Forests & rangeland/ Duhok/ Akre forests department. Kurdistan region Iraq. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Smyrnium perfoliatum (L.) is a biennial plant that originated in the Mediterranean and the southwest of Asia, but it was widely naturalized in Western Europe since ancient time as a useful garden plant. It is of medicinal value, some Smyrnium species having been used for their diuretic and depurative properties as well as aperient and antiscorbutic action. The fruit has carminative and gastro-intestinal effects, different species have been used traditionally for conditions such as indigestion, cystitis, urinary tract infections and gynecological problems. The plant also has tonic, antihelmintic,antipyretic and antiworm properties. Minerals are necessary for metabolic processes and tissue function, which are necessary for human health as micronutrients deficiency leads to severe health problems. Aim: This study aimed to determine the content of heavy metals and trace elements in dried medicinal plant Smyrnium perfoliatum (L.) for pharmaceutical cleaning purpose. Objective: The purpose of the study was to investigate concentration of some elements (Zn, Cu, Fe, Se, Mn, Cr, Ni, Mg K Na and Ca) in medicinal plant Smyrnium perfoliatum (L.) based on the dry mass. The target hazard quotients (THQs), total target hazard quotient (TTHQ), estimated daily intakes (EDIs) and Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) of mineral nutrients were also computed. Methods: Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP- OES) was employed to establish the presence of all nutrients. Results: The contents of the trace elements Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn are 16.730 (ppm) 41.628(ppm), 4.195 (ppm) and 13.376 (ppm). These elements are important for biological systems in minimal amounts, since | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Smyrnium perfoliatum (L.); ICP-OES; Minerals; EDI; THQ | ||
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