Spatial Analysis of the Hypsometric Characteristics of the Baraztar Valley Basin

Namiq, Aso Swar; Shwany, Shalaw Sardar

doi:10.37653/juah.2025.162884.1363

	Spatial Analysis of the Hypsometric Characteristics of the Baraztar Valley Basin
Journal of University of Anbar for Humanities
Volume 2025, Issue 4, December 2025, Pages 1302-1322 PDF (4.62 M)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.37653/juah.2025.162884.1363
Authors
Aso Swar Namiq¹; Shalaw Sardar Shwany^* ²
¹Salahaddin University-College of Arts
²salahaddin university - erbil
Abstract
Aims: This study aims to spatially analyze the hypsometric characteristics of the Wadi Braztar basin to understand the relationship between area and elevation, revealing the stages of geomorphological development of river basins (youth, maturity, and old age) according to the Strahler (1952) model, and to estimate the percentage of remaining subsurface material within the basins. Methodology: The research employed an inductive approach and spatial statistical methods, using SRTM digital elevation model data with a resolution of 12.5 m. Hypsometric curves were extracted for the main basin and 20 secondary basins. These curves, which illustrate the relationship between relative area and relative elevation, were plotted as a tool for estimating the stages of geomorphological development and the activity of erosion and sedimentation processes. Results: The results showed that the hypsometric curves of the main basin and 13 secondary basins exhibited a mixture of concave and convex shapes, indicating they have reached advanced stages of geomorphological equilibrium and maturity, with the continuing influence of erosion and sedimentation processes. Hypsometric integral values ranged from 0.35 to 0.6. Four secondary basins displayed concave curves with values below 0.35, reflecting a stage of geomorphological aging and reduced erosional activity. In contrast, two secondary basins exceeded 0.60, indicating they remain in a youthful or disequilibrium stage. The relationship between the hypsometric integral rate and some areal characteristics of the basins, such as width, length, and perimeter, showed a weak positive correlation, reflecting a limited influence of these characteristics on the level of hypsometric integration. Conclusions: The study indicates that the Wadi Braztar basin is characterized by a clear variation in the stages of geomorphological development between its primary and secondary basins. Most basins have reached maturity, while some remain in a youthful stage or show signs of aging. These results highlight the importance of hypsometric analysis in assessing the geomorphological equilibrium of river basins and the role of erosion and sedimentation processes in shaping the natural landscape of these basins.
Keywords
Keywords: river basins; hypsometric integration; hypsometric curve; spatial analysis

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