- All Journals
- Al-Qadisiyah University
- Basrah University
- Kirkuk University
- Mosul University
- The Iraqi Borad for Medical Specialization
- University of Anbar
- University of Technology
- Al Mustafa University
- Al-Zahraa University for Women
- Alnoor University
- Kunooz University
- Misan University
- Ninevah University
- Tikrit University
- University of Al-Hamdaniya
- University of Kerbala
Impact of Sleep Patterns on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus | ||
| Al- Anbar Medical Journal | ||
| Volume 22, Issue 1, January 2026, Pages 16-21 PDF (316.28 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original articles | ||
| DOI: 10.33091/amj.2025.161334.2283 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Monaf Faik Al-Samarraee* ; Sura Talal Kadhim; Duaa Mohammed Al-Atta; Abeer Abdulkareem Fadhil | ||
| Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Ibn Sina University of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baghdad, Iraq. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Background: Lack of sleep is harmful to your mental and physical health. Multiple studies have shown that insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolic regulation are both negatively impacted by inadequate sleep. Objectives: To determine whether there is a correlation between the amount and quality of sleep and blood sugar levels in those who suffer from type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: At the National Centre for Diabetes in Baghdad, 224 people with type 2 diabetes who had been on anti-diabetic medication for at least a year participated in a 13-month cross-sectional study from February 2024 to February 2025. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to evaluate the prior month's sleep length and quality. Other information gathered included demographics, lifestyle variables, co-morbidities, length of diabetes, treatment compliance, and HbA1c levels. Results: Most patients (80.8%) had poor sleep quality, and 68.3% had poorly managed type 2 diabetes mellitus. The results showed that low quality sleep (P-value = 0.001) and inadequate total nighttime sleep (P-value = 0.002) were two independent risk factors for inadequate glycemic management. In addition, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index showed a somewhat positive connection with HbA1c levels, suggesting that greater levels of HbA1c were linked to worse sleep quality. However, there was a small but statistically significant negative connection between HbA1c levels and the amount of time people slept (P-value = 0.001 and 0.002, respectively), indicating that less sleep is associated with worse glycemic management. Conclusion: There is a substantial correlation between insufficient glycemic control and poor sleep quality/length, both of which have a major influence on the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Diabetes Mellitus; Sleep Quality; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Glycated hemoglobin | ||
| References | ||
|
[1] P. Barman, M. Das, and M. Verma, "Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and treatment utilization patterns among the elderly from the first wave of Longitudinal Aging study in India (2017-18) using a Heckman selection model," BMC Public Health, vol. 23, no. 1, p. 699, 2023.
[2] K. L. Ong et al., "Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021," The Lancet, vol. 402, no. 10397, pp. 203-234, 2023.
[3] M. J. Hossain, M. Al‐Mamun, and M. R. Islam, "Diabetes mellitus, the fastest growing global public health concern: Early detection should be focused," Health Science Reports, vol. 7, no. 3, p. e2004, 2024.
[4] T. Endris, A. Worede, and D. Asmelash, "Prevalence of diabetes mellitus, prediabetes and its associated factors in Dessie Town, Northeast Ethiopia: a community-based study," Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity: targets and therapy, vol. 12, pp. 2799-2809, 2019.
[5] Q. Ding, B. Wojeck, and A. Zinchuk, "Understanding the impact of night-to-night sleep variations on glucose regulation in healthy young adults: Insights from Ng et al.(2024)," vol. 48, ed: Oxford University Press US, p. zsae253, 2025.
[6] M. A. Grandner, A. Seixas, S. Shetty, and S. Shenoy, "Sleep duration and diabetes risk: population trends and potential mechanisms," Current diabetes reports, vol. 16, no. 11, p. 106, 2016.
[7] T. Jemere, A. Mossie, H. Berhanu, and Y. Yeshaw, "Poor sleep quality and its predictors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia," BMC research notes, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 488, 2019.
[8] I. Saksvik-Lehouillier et al., "Mild to moderate partial sleep deprivation is associated with increased impulsivity and decreased positive affect in young adults," Sleep, vol. 43, no. 10, p. zsaa078, 2020.
[9] C. Antza, G. Kostopoulos, S. Mostafa, K. Nirantharakumar, and A. Tahrani, "The links between sleep duration, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus," Journal of Endocrinology, vol. 252, no. 2, pp. 125-141, 2022.
[10] L. Messineo, J. P. Bakker, J. Cronin, J. Yee, and D. P. White, "Obstructive sleep apnea and obesity: A review of epidemiology, pathophysiology and the effect of weight-loss treatments," Sleep Medicine Reviews, vol. 78, p. 101996, 2024.
[11] E. M. Rogers, N. F. Banks, and N. D. Jenkins, "The effects of sleep disruption on metabolism, hunger, and satiety, and the influence of psychosocial stress and exercise: A narrative review," Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews, vol. 40, no. 2, p. e3667, 2024.
[12] Y. V. Ukraintseva, K. Liaukovich, K. Saltykov, D. Belov, and А. Nizhnik, "Selective slow-wave sleep suppression affects glucose tolerance and melatonin secretion. The role of sleep architecture," Sleep medicine, vol. 67, pp. 171-183, 2020.
[13] M. A. Pourhoseingholi, M. Vahedi, and M. Rahimzadeh, "Sample size calculation in medical studies," Gastroenterology and Hepatology from bed to bench, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 14, 2013.
[14] S. S. Mizouri, "The correlation between Blood group type and Diabetes Mellitus Type II," Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences (Zanco J Med Sci), vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 16-20, 2023.
[15] S. A. B. Rakhis Sr, N. M. AlDuwayhis, N. Aleid, A. N. AlBarrak, and A. A. Aloraini, "Glycemic control for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a systematic review," Cureus, vol. 14, no. 6, p. e26180, 2022.
[16] C. Milanese, L. Itani, V. Cavedon, and M. El Ghoch, "The WHO BMI System Misclassifies Weight Status in Adults from the General Population in North Italy: A DXA-Based Assessment Study (18–98 Years)," Nutrients, vol. 17, no. 13, p. 2162, 2025.
[17] M. Carpi, "The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a brief review," Occupational Medicine, vol. 75, no. 1, pp. 14-15, 2025.
[18] K. Ramar et al., "Sleep is essential to health: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine position statement," Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, vol. 17, no. 10, pp. 2115-2119, 2021.
[19] D. M. Al-Atta, M. F. Al-Samarraee, A. A. Fadhil, S. T. Kadhim, and H. W. Alsarhan, "Compliance with Second Visit of Diabetes Mellitus Screening Program and Impact of Dietary and Exercise Modification on Glycemic Control," Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences (ISSN 2789-3219), vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 150-156, 2025.
[20] S. Barakat, M. Abujbara, R. Banimustafa, A. Batieha, and K. Ajlouni, "Sleep quality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus," Journal of clinical medicine research, vol. 11, no. 4, p. 261, 2019.
[21] B. Kara and Ö. Kılıç, "Predictors of poor sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness in T urkish adults with type 2 diabetes," Journal of clinical nursing, vol. 24, no. 9-10, pp. 1436-1439, 2015.
[22] Y.-W. Tsai et al., "Impact of subjective sleep quality on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus," Family practice, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 30-35, 2012.
[23] Y. Y. Shibabaw, T. A. Dejenie, and K. H. Tesfa, "Glycemic control and its association with sleep quality and duration among type 2 diabetic patients," Metabolism Open, vol. 18, p. 100246, 2023.
[24] Y. T. Wondmkun, "Obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes: associations and therapeutic implications," Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity, vol. 13, pp. 3611-3616, 2020.
[25] S. Rodrigues et al., "Health literacy and adherence to therapy in type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study in Portugal," HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. e194-e203, 2024.
[26] A. K. Al-Humairi and N. K. Hassan, "Impact of sleep quality on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus," Medical Journal of Babylon, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 369-375, 2018.
[27] S. Bhagat, R. Khadkikar, and S. Rai, "Association of sleep quality and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus," MGM Journal of Medical Sciences, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 459-463, 2023.
[28] S. Park, I. Kang, R. A. Edden, E. Namgung, J. Kim, and J. Kim, "Shorter sleep duration is associated with lower GABA levels in the anterior cingulate cortex," Sleep medicine, vol. 71, pp. 1-7, 2020.
[29] W. Martorina and A. Tavares, "Real-world data in support of short sleep duration with poor glycemic control, in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Res. vol. 2019: p. 6297162, 2019.
| ||
|
Statistics Article View: 527 PDF Download: 296 |
||