The Role of City Brand Equity Effectiveness in Baghdad’s Branding

K. Zedan, Shireen; Almoqaram, Asmaa M.H.

doi:10.36041/iqjap.2025.152880.1108

	The Role of City Brand Equity Effectiveness in Baghdad’s Branding
Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning
Volume 25, Issue 1, January 2026, Pages 1-10 PDF (746.91 K)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.36041/iqjap.2025.152880.1108
Authors
Shireen K. Zedan^* ; Asmaa M.H. Almoqaram
Department of Architectural Engineering, University of Technology- Iraq
Abstract
Urban branding has emerged as a contemporary strategy that significantly enhances the competitive advantage and global positioning of cities. This study examines the role of branding in attracting diverse stakeholders, such as residents, investors, and tourists, by analyzing the process of building brand equity in the context of implementing urban branding in Baghdad. The study employed a quantitative approach, focusing on data collection techniques centered around a survey directed at experts in urban design and development from various departments of architecture and engineering in Iraqi universities, as well as urban development experts from outside Iraq. The study's results demonstrated the feasibility of applying the brand equity approach to the city of Baghdad, utilizing six procedural steps across four levels. The first level (Identity Awareness) includes the first procedural step, known as the emergence of branding. The second level (Brand Meaning) comprises two procedural steps: Performance and Experience. The third level (Brand Response) includes two procedural steps: feelings and judgments. Finally, the fourth level (Relationships) encompasses the sixth step, Echo. The research aims to develop a distinctive brand for the city of Baghdad that enhances its competitive ability and revitalizes its global position.
Keywords
City Branding; Brand Equity; Approaches to City Brand Equity; Baghdad Branding

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