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Oral Microbiome and Gateway to Health | ||
| International Journal of Orofacial Sciences | ||
| Volume 1, Issue 1, February 2026, Pages 15-19 PDF (446.53 K) | ||
| Document Type: Original Article | ||
| DOI: 10.67593/ijos.2025.191054 | ||
| Author | ||
| Waleed Khalid Mohammed* | ||
| College of Dentistry, University of Anbar, AL- Ramadi city, Iraq | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The oral microbiome consists of a community of diverse microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, archaea, and protozoa and is of great importance to the health of the mouth and the body as a whole. Microbial diversity is a function of the various external factors including temperature, pH, diet, and feeding of an organism. Microbial colonization occurs on the various oral cavities, including the buccal mucosa, the dorsal surface of the tongue, and the teeth and gums, where structured biofilms are formed. This review aimed to investigate the interplay between the oral microbiome and interact to other organs in the body to investigate oral Micro-biome as Gateway to Health. Historically, oral microbiomes studied dental caries and periodontal disease. Therefore, newer studies have indicated greater associations with other systemic condi-tions, such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, respiratory, and neurodegenerative diseases. From the modern molecular techniques like high-throughput Next Generation Sequencing and metagenomics to conventional methods that include DNA micro-arrays and other techniques, the most prevalent oral microbe phyla of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteria and the genera associated with periodontal disease, Megasphaera, Parvimonas, and Desulfobulbus have been described. The results show bidirectional communication between the oral microbiota and distant organs using microbial products and neuro and immune mediators like pro-inflammatory cytokines and immune cells. This understanding opens oportunidads for pre-vention and treatment involving probiotics, specific antibacterials, personalized oral hygiene, and other. Overall, the oral microbiome is critical to global health; it connects local microbial ecosys-tems to systemic disease manifestations, and shows the importance of the oral microbiome on the diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and systemic diseases. | ||
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