The State's Responsibility of Digital Work in Spaces that are not subject to it.

Mahmoud, Harith Abdul Rahman; Ibraheem, Saif Ali

doi:10.37651/aujlps.2025.166374.1644

	The State's Responsibility of Digital Work in Spaces that are not subject to it.
Journal of Anbar University for Law and Political Sciences
Article 48, Volume 16, Issue: 1, March 2026, Pages 1423-1434 PDF (659.17 K)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.37651/aujlps.2025.166374.1644
Authors
Harith Abdul Rahman Mahmoud^* ; Saif Ali Ibraheem
Middle Technical University/Balad Technical Institute
Abstract
Technological development is one of the most important developments in international law and the resulting impact on the issues related to it especially with regard to international responsibility when an actor tasks control of apart of the state's some kind of authority and thus conducting digital activities targeting others when bears responsibility for that? The study under investigation is an important one in this field, as insufficient attention has been paid to such important topics, despite their importance and the fact that they are considered among the most important developments in international law regarding digital activities carried out by actors controlling spaces outside the state. We will explore this topic by following the following lines: Section One: Definition of non-state spaces and the responsibility of actors. First Requirement: Definition of non-state spaces. Second Requirement: The extent to which actors can exercise responsibility. Section Two: International civil and criminal liability of the state for digital actions in spaces outside its control. First Requirement: International civil liability. Second Requirement: International criminal liability.
Keywords
The active sides; international responsibility; Da'ish; digital works; International law

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