Population dynamics of sunflower lace bug, Galeatus scrophicus on different sunflower varieties in Erbil city during the summer season

Hasan, Sawin Ihsan; Ahmed, Hazim Saeed

doi:10.58928/ku26.17117

	Population dynamics of sunflower lace bug, Galeatus scrophicus on different sunflower varieties in Erbil city during the summer season
Kirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS)
Volume 17, Issue 1, March 2026, Pages 148-154 PDF (714.83 K)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.58928/ku26.17117
Authors
Sawin Ihsan Hasan; Hazim Saeed Ahmed^*
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Salahaddin University-Erbil, IRAQ
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in Grdarasha research station which belongs to College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences-Erbil, Kurdistan region Iraq, in order to identify lace bug infestations in sunflower crops and investigate the type of damage by this insect then measuring population density, surveys, and determines their seasonal occurrence during the summer flowering stage of sunflower crops. The RCBD design was used for the field experiment. The result of this study showed the attacks the lace bug, Galeatus scrophicus on various parts of sunflower which belong to the insect family Tingidae and order Hemiptera were very observable. The results of ecological study revealed that the Chinese variety was the largest rate of lace bug samples at 36%, followed by the Aqmar variety with 25%. The Local variety contributed 24% of the total samples, while the Batoli variety was the smallest proportion at 15%. Based on the findings, lace bug was most abundant during the growing season, with the Chinese variety reaching its highest population density at (8.557 individuals/plant). At the same time, 36% of the plants in the field showed signs of lace bug infestation. According to the data obtained from the survey, the lace bug was found in 15 out of the 17 locations surveyed, while in the remained locations, there was no infestation recorded. The highest average infestation was recorded in Tandura, with (1,436) leaves affected per tree, whereas the lowest average infestation of (53) leaves per tree occurred in Daldaghan. No infestations were observed in Choman, Enne, and Qushtapa.
Keywords
Insect; Population; Sunflower; Lacebug; Galeatus

References
[1]. Adeleke, B.S. and Babalola, O.O., 2020. Oilseed crop sunflower (Helianthus annuus) as a source of food: Nutritional and health benefits. Food Science & Nutrition, 8(9), pp.4666-4684. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1783. [2]. Şahin, R.V., 2024. Studies of Molecular Marker in Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, 7(2), pp.133-141. https://doi.org/10.38001/ijlsb.1436687. [3]. Kaur, R. and Ghoshal, G., 2022. Sunflower protein isolates-composition, extraction and functional properties. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 306, pp.102725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2022.102725. [4]. Iqbal, S., Ali, M., Khan, F.Z.A., Iqbal, N. and Nawaz, F., 2022. Linking bird resistant and susceptible sunflower traits with pollinator’s fauna and seed production. Sociobiology, 69(2), pp.e7757-e7757. https://doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v69i2.7757. [5]. Thirumarimurugan, M., Sivakumar, V., Xavier, A.M., Prabhakaran, D. and Kannadasan, T., 2012. Preparation of biodiesel from sunflower oil by transesterification. International Journal of Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, 2(6), pp.441. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJBBB.2012.V2.151. [6]. Nderitu, J., nyamasyo, G., Kasina, M. and Oronje, M., 2008. Diversity of sunflower pollinators and their effect on seed yield in Makueni District, Eastern Kenya. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(2), pp.271-278. https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2008062-318. [7]. Yazdanian, M. and Hosseini Mighani, A., 2021. The sunflower lace bug, Galeatus scrophicus: morphology, spatial distribution pattern of nymphs and its damage on sunflower and chrysanthemum. Journal of Applied Research in Plant Protection, 9(4), pp.17-31. https://doi.org/10.22034/ARPP.2021.12244. [8]. Syed, T.S., Abro, G.H., Khuhro, R.D. and Dhauroo, M.H., 2003. Relative resistance of cotton varieties against sucking pests. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 6(14), pp.1232-1233. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2003.1232.1233. [9]. Saleh, A.H., Khidher, K.Q., Ahmed, H.S. and Kadir, N.B., 2025. Population Density of Certain Piercing-Sucking Insects Infesting Sunflower Crop in Erbil City. Rafidain Journal of Science, 34(1), pp.12-19. https://doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2025.186491. [10]. Khoshnaw, A.H., 2015. The comparison study of chemical, physical properties and questionnaire between imported and local red meat in the Erbil governorate. ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 27(2), pp.7-28. [11]. Connell, W.A. and Beacher, J.H., 1947. Life History and Control of the Oak Lace Bug. 28pp. [12]. Mutun, S., Ceyhan, Z. and Sözen, C. 2009. Invasion by the oak lace bug, Corythucha arcuata (Say) (Heteroptera: Tingidae), in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 33(3), pp.263-268. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-0806-13. [13]. Dobreva, M., Simov, N., Georgiev, G., Mirchev, P. and Georgiva, M., 2013. First record of Corythucha arcuata (Say) (Heteroptera: Tingidae) on the Balkan Peninsula. Acta Zoologia Bulgarica, 65(3), pp.409-412. https://www.agriculturejournals.cz/pdfs/pps/2019/02/09.pdf. [14]. Schuh, R. T., Cassis, G. and Guilbert, E., 2006. Description of the first recent macropterous species of Vianaidinae (Heteroptera: Tingidae) with comments on the phylogenetic relationships of the family within the Cimicomorpha. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 114(1), pp.38-53. https://doi.org/10.1664/0028-7199(2006)114[38:DOTFRM]2.0.CO;2. [15]. Al-Mallah, N., 1999. First record and biological study of Galeatus scrophicus Sand. and Galeatus helianthi O. & L. attacking sunflower crop in Iraq. Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 7(2), pp.673-688. https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20001105026. [16]. Singh L, Mann H.S., 1986. Seasonal activity and population buildup of tingid bug, Urentius hystricellus (richter) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) in the Punjab. Indian Journal of Ecology, 13(2), pp.301–306. https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/19891132862. [17]. Bhat, M.S., 2007. Taxonomic Survey and Bioecological studies of stink bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) of Kashmir (Doctoral dissertation, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Kashmir, 1-278pp). [18]. Schaefer C.W. and Panizzi, A.R., 2000. Heteroptera of economic importance. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 85–137. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420041859. [19]. Satti, A.A., 2013. Studies on biology and ecology of Galeatus scrophicus Saunders (Hemiptera: Tingidae) in Sudan. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 12(1), pp.67-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2012.07.001. [20]. Faraj, F.M.H., Aref, O.K., Awalla, H.KH. and Mustafa, S.A., 2017. Ecological Studies on oak leafcutter, Euproctis melania Staud. (Lymantriidae: Lepidoptera) in the Azmar region governorate of Sulaymaniyah. Euphrates Journal of Agriculture Science, 9(4), pp. 401-411. [21]. Sánchez-Bayo, F., 2021. Indirect effect of pesticides on insects and other arthropods. Toxics, 9(8), p.177-198. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics9080177.
Statistics Article View: 158 PDF Download: 121