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Neurotransmitters, the Chemical Messages of the Brain, Rules and Mechanisms, A Review | ||
| Al-Kunooze Scientific Journal | ||
| Volume 12, Issue 2, April 2026, Pages 157-167 PDF (7.41 M) | ||
| Document Type: Review | ||
| DOI: 10.36582/ksj.2026.168303.1011 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Eqbal Hazam1; Fatimah Basil Alsemaail* 2; Duha Adel3 | ||
| 1university of Basrah | ||
| 2alkunooze university | ||
| 3university of basrah | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The human brain contains an estimated 86 billion neurons. Those billions of brain cell communicate by passing chemical messages at the synapse, the small gap between cells, in a process called neurotransmitters. Those chemical messages are unique molecules called neurotransmitters. There are many types of neurotransmitters in the brain. But they do have a few things in common, the neurotransmitters are endogenous or produced inside the neuron itself. When cell is activated, these neuro chemicals are released into the synapse from specialized pouches clustered near the cell membrane called synapse vesicles. Specific receptors on neighboring cells can then take up the neurotransmitters, which can increase or decrease the signal being passed along a particular circuit. The human brain contains an estimated 86 billion neurons. Those billions of brain cell communicate by passing chemical messages at the synapse, the small gap between cells, in a process called neurotransmitters. Those chemical messages are unique molecules called neurotransmitters. There are many types of neurotransmitters in the brain. But they do have a few things in common, the neurotransmitters are endogenous or produced inside the neuron itself. When cell is activated, these neuro chemicals are released into the synapse from specialized pouches clustered near the cell membrane called synapse vesicles. Specific receptors on neighboring cells can then take up the neurotransmitters, which can increase or decrease the signal being passed along a particular circuit. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Synaptic transmission; Glutamate; GABA; Neurodegenerative Disorder | ||
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