Nanotechnology in Environmental Pharmaceutical Analysis

Fakhri, Faten Hadi; Mahdi, Qataralnada Mejbel

	Nanotechnology in Environmental Pharmaceutical Analysis
Al-Zahraa Journal for Health and Medical Sciences
Volume 4, Issue 1, March 2026, Pages 108-128 PDF (1.01 M)
Document Type: Review Article
Authors
Faten Hadi Fakhri^* ¹; Qataralnada mejbel Mahdi²
¹Presidency University, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq
²College of Science, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq
Abstract
Lately, monitoring pharmaceutical contaminants in the environment has gained increasing recognition due to the consistent detection of abandoned pharmaceuticals in various environment component, such as water and soil, from continual discharges of wastewater treatment plants, pharmaceutical companies, hospitals, and farms. It mentioned contaminants involves the development of methodologies that are capable of identifying significant concentrations and measuring them in different environmental systems. This review aims to present the role of nanotechnology in environmental pharmaceutical analysis, as reported in recent studies. The diversity of the mentioned studies has enabled the characterization of a plethora of nanomaterials such as carbon-based nanomaterials, magnetic and metal nanoparticles, and metal-organic frameworks that have improved various aspects of sample preparation and detection. Recent studies in the field of chromatography and sensors have indicated that, in comparison to traditional methods, nano-assisted methodologies are characterized by lower detection thresholds and by greater extraction efficiencies and the Nano-sensor (NS) has the potential for on-site monitoring and for real time monitoring. The performance of NS has the potential to be characterized by high sensitivity and rapid response time. On the other hand, the absence of established guidelines, high cost, poor stability, and detrimental performance of certain nanomaterials remain significant obstacles. Prospective studies effort needs to focus on the characterization and development of nanomaterials that are safe for the environment and towards the establishment of guidelines that are aimed at validation in order to improve the effectiveness and apply studies that utilize nanotechnology for the analysis of pharmaceuticals in the environment.
Keywords
Nanotechnology; Environmental analysis; Pharmaceutical residues; Nano-based sensors; Water pollution monitoring

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