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The current situation of the Kert queen in Khorasan and her relationship with the Mongols (138–422 AH / 756–1031 AD) 14 | ||
| Kirkuk University Journal: Humanity Studies | ||
| Volume 21, Issue 1, March 2026, Pages 258-295 PDF (782.69 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.32894/1992-1179.2026.168358.1333 | ||
| Author | ||
| Nassar Ibrahim Hindi Shalash* | ||
| Tikrit University, College of Education for Humanities | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The Kert region, encompassing several Ghurid dynasties, was founded by Muhammad al-Kurt, grandson of Sultan Ghiyath Muhammad ibn Sam al-Ghuri al-Din (1163-1203 CE) on his mother's side. Herat was the capital of his state. His reign coincided with the Mongol conquest of Khorasan, and he declared his submission and obedience to them. This resulted in his consolidation of power in the region. The fortress of Khusar represented some areas of the Ghur. He expanded the kingdom in several areas to secure Mongol support, and in return, he benefited from their assistance in indirectly controlling the region. Furthermore, with the help of Hulagu, he managed to reach the Ismaili line to cooperate with the new Khan, Abaqa Hulagu. After the death of King Shams al-Din in 1277 CE, his sons and grandsons assumed power. Their alliances remained precarious, fluctuating between Mongol influence and the conflicts between them. They cooperated with the Ilkhanid Khanates of Persia, but sometimes problems arose between them, even leading to death. The last Khan was Abu Sa'id, who left no heir. Taking advantage of the situation, King Mu'izz al-Din Husayn of Kert declared Mongol independence. Political, economic, and social conditions flourished during his reign, to the point that his state became the best in Asia at that time. After the death of his daughter, Ghiyath al-Din Pir Ali, his shrewdness and intelligence were evident, as his policies led to the discovery of shared visions between him and Timur, who succeeded in ending the 144-year rule of the Kurds in the region and annexing it to Mekelle in 1382 AD. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Economic importance; geographical location; medieval period | ||
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