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The Syntactic Variation of the Verb (ata) In The Holy Quran | ||
| Kirkuk University Journal: Humanity Studies | ||
| Volume 21, Issue 1, March 2026, Pages 569-594 PDF (731.09 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.32894/1992-1179.2025.166723.1290 | ||
| Author | ||
| Shokhan Najat Abdullah Aziz* | ||
| University of Kirkuk – College of Education for Women | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The Holy Quran is a unique linguistic tapestry, distinguished by its precise choice of vocabulary and its deployment in diverse syntactic contexts that serve the intended meaning with the utmost efficiency. The verb (أتى) is a prominent example in this regard. It does not appear in a single form, but rather exhibits distinct grammatical behavior that has attracted the attention of exegetes and linguists throughout the ages. It occurs in approximately 258 places in the Holy Quran, according to the precise and comprehensive count I conducted. This count encompasses all the forms and conjugations derived from this three-letter root, across various tenses (past, present, and imperative), persons, pronouns, and numbers. The occurrence of this verb is not limited to a single syntactic pattern, but extends to diverse grammatical behavior. It appears both intransitively and transitively, either alone or with a preposition. This grammatical flexibility is not arbitrary; rather, its meaning changes according to this grammatical behavior. For example, the verb "أتى" (to come) can be intransitive (not requiring an object), as in the verse: :﴿أَتَىٰ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ فَلَا تَسْتَعْجِلُوهُ﴾ {The command of Allah has come, so do not be impatient for it} (An-Nahl: 1), indicating the fulfillment of the divine command as an established fact. However, in the verse: ﴿وَلَا يَأْتِينَ بِبُهْتَانٍ﴾ {And they do not bring forth falsehood} (Al-Mumtahanah: 12), the verb is transitive with the preposition "ب" (with/by) to emphasize the seriousness of the reprehensible act and its physical manifestation. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Intransitive and Transitive (verbs); Syntactic Behavior; Syntactic Flexibility | ||
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