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An enhanced optimized link state routing (E-OLSR) protocol for efficient control messaging and load management in shortwave ad hoc networks | ||
| Journal of University of Anbar for Pure Science | ||
| Volume 20, Issue 1, April 2026, Pages 301-311 PDF (586.59 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.37652/juaps.2025.162687.1521 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Mayas Aljibawi1; Saad Adnan Abed2; Ammar K. Alazzawi3; Musaddak Maher Abdul Zahra1; ABDULLATEEF OLUWAGBEMIGA BALOGUN4; Luiz Fernando Capretz5; Abdullahi Imam Abubakar* 6 | ||
| 1Computer Techniques Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technologies, Al-Mustaqbal University, Hillah, Iraq. | ||
| 2Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Anbar, Iraq | ||
| 3College of Islamic Sciences, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq. | ||
| 4Department of Computing, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia | ||
| 5Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Western University, London N6A5B9, Ontario, Canada | ||
| 6School of Digital Science, University Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam | ||
| Abstract | ||
| In shortwave self-organizing networks, periodic messaging can consume significant channel resources, increase network control overhead, and waste limited bandwidth, leading to a sharp decline in network communication performance. In order to solve these problems, an Enhanced Optimized Link State Routing (E-OLSR) protocol for a shortwave ad hoc network with low delay is put forward in this paper. The E-OLSR protocol combines an adaptive control message scheduling and a load-aware routing method by modifying the OLSR to enhance the process of route discovery and the MultiPoint Relay (MPR) selection algorithm. The protocol minimizes unnecessary overhead by adapting control message intervals to network conditions and by prioritizing critical updates messages. Meanwhile, load-aware routing is used for traffic balancing, congestion avoidance, and delay reduction. The proposed E-OLSR was experimented extensively on various network sizes ranging from 10 to 50 nodes. Simulation results demonstrate that the E-OLSR yields substantial improvements in terms of control overhead, packet delivery success rate, end-to-end delay, and throughput. Specifically, E-OLSR reduces control overhead by approximately 15% compared to II-OLSR and 25% compared to OLSR in a network with 50 nodes. Also, it achieves an 8-15% higher packet delivery success rate, decreases end-to-end delay by 30-40%, and improves throughput by 20-30% across varying network sizes. These results highlight the efficiency and reliability of E-OLSR in addressing the challenges of low-latency shortwave networks. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Adaptive control messaging; Load-Aware routing; Low-Latency routing; Multipoint relay selection; Optimized link state routing | ||
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