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Development of Sustainable Cold Asphalt Mixture by Using Biomass Ashes | ||
| Kerbala Journal for Engineering Sciences (KJES) | ||
| Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2026, Pages 20-36 PDF (1.23 M) | ||
| Document Type: Research Article | ||
| DOI: 10.63463/kjes1208 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Zainab Al Qraiti* 1; Anmar Dulaimi* 2 | ||
| 1Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kerbala; Karbala. | ||
| 2Civil Engineering Department. College of Engineering, University Karbala, Iraq. School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 2ET, UK, | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Cold asphalt mixtures (CAM) have many economic and environmental benefits compared to traditional hot mix asphalt (HMA). However, because such a CAM has weak strength and high air voids, it receives little attention. The main objective of this research is to enhance traditional CAM by integrating two types of biomass ash: palm leaf ash (PLA) and reed ash (RA). The improvement in the mechanical properties of CMA was accomplished by replacing ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with PLA at proportions of 0%, 1.75%, 3.5%, 5.25%, and 7% by dry aggregate weight. RA was added later at concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% based on the dry aggregate weight. The mechanical characteristics and durability were evaluated by the Marshall stability, indirect tensile stress test, and water sensitivity test. The results indicated that 1.5% PLA, 5.5% OPC and 0.45% RA significantly enhanced the Marshall stability, where 15.9 kN were obtained after 3 days and 21.1 kN after 28 days, and this is due to the combined action of both PLA and RA, in addition to OPC activating the production of hydration products. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Cold asphalt mix; Marshall test; Palm leaf ash; Reed ash; Water damage | ||
| References | ||
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