Hazim, S., Omar, T., Boonkanokwong, V. (2026). Recent Advances in Porous Carriers for Drug Delivery: Materials, Loading Strategies, and Applications. , 23(2), 59-72. doi: 10.33899/iraqij.p.2026.169790.1192
Shahd Maan Hazim; Thamer Abdul-Jabbar Omar; Veerakiet Boonkanokwong. "Recent Advances in Porous Carriers for Drug Delivery: Materials, Loading Strategies, and Applications". , 23, 2, 2026, 59-72. doi: 10.33899/iraqij.p.2026.169790.1192
Hazim, S., Omar, T., Boonkanokwong, V. (2026). 'Recent Advances in Porous Carriers for Drug Delivery: Materials, Loading Strategies, and Applications', , 23(2), pp. 59-72. doi: 10.33899/iraqij.p.2026.169790.1192
Hazim, S., Omar, T., Boonkanokwong, V. Recent Advances in Porous Carriers for Drug Delivery: Materials, Loading Strategies, and Applications. , 2026; 23(2): 59-72. doi: 10.33899/iraqij.p.2026.169790.1192

Recent Advances in Porous Carriers for Drug Delivery: Materials, Loading Strategies, and Applications

Iraqi Journal of Pharmacy
Article 3, Volume 23, Issue 2, June 2026, Pages 59-72    PDF (907.55 K)
Document Type: Review Paper
DOI: 10.33899/iraqij.p.2026.169790.1192
Authors
Shahd Maan Hazim* 1; Thamer Abdul-Jabbar Omar1; Veerakiet Boonkanokwong2
1Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq.
2Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Abstract
Background: Poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability of many drugs remain major challenges in pharmaceutical development and often limit the therapeutic efficacy. To overcome these limitations, considerable attention has been directed towards advanced drug delivery systems that can improve drug stability, release behavior, and pharmacokinetic profile. Among these systems, porous carriers have emerged as versatile platforms. These carriers include polymeric, lipid-based, and inorganic materials that possess diverse physicochemical properties enabling efficient drug incorporation and controlled release. Aim: To provide a comprehensive overview of porous carriers in the manufacturing of solid dosage forms and drug delivery systems, focusing on their classification, structural and physicochemical characteristics, drug loading mechanisms, pharmaceutical applications and current challenges associated with their use. Methods: This review is based on previously published scientific studies on porous carriers and their applications in drug delivery systems. Relevant research and review articles were carefully examined to present a clear scientific summary of current knowledge in this field. Conclusion: Porous carriers have gained significant attention as a result of their high surface area, tunable pore size/volume, and modifiable surface chemistry, which enhance drug loading efficacy, dissolution behavior, and controlled release. Various porous materials, including mesoporous silica, Neusilin®, calcium phosphates, and hybrid organic-inorganic frameworks, have demonstrated promising potential in improving drug delivery and therapeutic outcomes. Continued research is essential to optimize these systems and expand their pharmaceutical applications.

Highlights
  • Porous carriers enhance drug solubility by increasing surface area and amorphous drug dispersion.
  • Mesoporous materials provide high drug loading with controlled and targeted release.
  • These systems show wide applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering and the food industry.
  • Differences in physicochemical properties of co-loaded drugs influence release behavior.
  • Stability, flowability and scalability remain critical formulation challenges.
  • Hybrid functionalized porous carriers represent promising future drug delivery strategies.
Keywords
Drug loading; Mesoporous silica; Porous carriers; Surface modification
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