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Differential Expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ in Acute and Chronic Caprine Theileriosis: A Quantitative RT-qPCR Study | ||
| Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences | ||
| Volume 25, Issue 1, May 2026, Pages 121-127 PDF (577.57 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.29079/qjvms.2026.170450.1176 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Shrooq Sami Turki* ; Mansour Jadaan Ali | ||
| Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Background: Caprine theileriosis is a tick-borne hemoprotozoan disease that induces variable immune responses depending on infection stage. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) play critical roles in host defense and disease progression. This study aimed to quantify the relative expression levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ in goats with acute theileriosis compared with chronic cases using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Total RNA was extracted from EDTA blood samples, reverse transcribed to cDNA, and analyzed by SYBR Green-based RT-qPCR. Expression levels were normalized to GAPDH as a housekeeping gene. Relative quantification was calculated using the comparative ΔΔCt method. Statistical comparison between groups was performed using independent t-test. TNF-α expression was significantly upregulated in acute theileriosis (1.098 ± 0.069-fold) compared with chronic cases (0.704 ± 0.052-fold) (P < 0.01). IFN-γ expression was also significantly elevated in acute infection (1.772 ± 0.261-fold) relative to chronic cases (1.097 ± 0.147-fold) (P < 0.05). Amplification efficiencies were consistent with successful normalization using GAPDH. These findings indicate stronger pro-inflammatory immune activation during acute infection. Acute caprine theileriosis is associated with significant upregulation of TNF-α and IFN-γ, suggesting an intensified Th1-mediated immune response compared with chronic infection. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Caprine theileriosis, Cytokine expression, IFN-γ , RT-qPCR, TNF-&alpha | ||
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