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Effect of Curcumin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles and phenylalanine on Behavioral Performance and Brain Histology in Haloperidol-Treated Male Rats | ||
| Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences | ||
| Volume 25, Issue 1, May 2026, Pages 180-193 PDF (740.5 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.29079/qjvms.2026.167164.1153 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Noor Al Huda Hussein Alramahi* 1; Saadeya Ali Lefelef Al-Gnami2 | ||
| 1Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq | ||
| 2Department of Forensic science , College of science, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Neurotoxicity from agents like heavy metals, pesticides, chemicals, and drugs disrupts neurotransmission and causes oxidative stress, leading to neuronal degeneration. This study tested the neuroprotective effects of curcumin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles and phenylalanine against haloperidol-induced neurotoxicity in male rats. Fifty healthy rats (3–4 months, 250–300 g) from Al-Qadisiyah University were divided into five groups (n=10). Group 1 was controls, receiving distilled water for 30 days. Groups 2–5 received haloperidol (2 mg/kg i.p.) for 14 days. Group 2 was positive control; Groups 3 and 4 received curcumin-chitosan nanoparticles (100 mg/kg) and phenylalanine (2 mg/kg), respectively; Group 5 received both for 30 days after haloperidol. Behavioral tests (Open Field, Y-Maze, Forced Swimming) were conducted. Brain tissues were examined after fixation. Haloperidol reduced locomotion, exploration, and memory, increasing immobility. Curcumin nanoparticles and phenylalanine improved behaviors; their combination nearly normalized activity. Histology showed neuronal contraction, pyknosis, chromatin fragmentation, vascular congestion, and gliosis, indicating severe neurotoxicity. Both treatments reduced these effects; the combination significantly restored neuronal structure and decreased necrosis and gliosis. In conclusion, combined curcumin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles and phenylalanine provided strong neuroprotection against haloperidol toxicity, enhancing activity and neuronal integrity. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Curcumin; Phenylalanine; Brain; Chitosan | ||
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