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Comparative Immunogenicity of Bacterial Ghost and Whole Killed Vaccines Against Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Broiler Chickens | ||
| Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research | ||
| Volume 25, Issue 2, June 2026, Pages 87-101 PDF (1.28 M) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.23975/bjvr.2026.169437.1289 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Ahmed hamed dawood alatbee1; Ali A Al-iedani* 2 | ||
| 1University of Basrah - College of Veterinary Medicine | ||
| 2University of Basra, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The objective was to compare the immunological efficacy of bacterial ghosts (BG) and whole killed bacteria (WKV) vaccines in poultry. Both vaccine formulations significantly increased phagocytic activity and cytokine production compared to the negative control. However, BG vaccination induced a strong Th1-biased immune response, as evidenced by levels elevated of IL-12 and IFN-γ, whereas WKV vaccination favored a Th2-associated response, characterized by higher IL-4 production. Additionally, both vaccines increased IL-10 levels, increase in IgY in BG and WKV compared to N.C is a good indication that immunization was effective in inducing the production antibody . suggesting an immunoregulatory component that may contribute to immune homeostasis. both BG and WKV vaccines raise IL-1b levels in a significantly higher manner than negative controls do, which is indicative of a strong activation of the innate immune. There was a significant increase in phagocytic activity in both vaccination groups (BG: 59.5 ± 8.61; WKV: 61.00 ± 4.81) compared to the negative control (26.67 ± 7.91; P < 0.001), with no significant between .the BG and WKV groups. Collectively, these findings indicate that BG vaccination elicits a more balanced immune response with a Th1 bias, whereas WKV vaccination predominantly promotes humoral immunity. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Vaccine; bacterial ghost; IL-10; IL-4 | ||
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