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Pytochemical and Antibacterial Study for Salvia rosmarinus Spenn, Gold and Silver nanoparticls | ||
| Al-Zahraa Journal for Health and Medical Sciences | ||
| Volume 4, Issue 2, June 2026, Pages 176-188 PDF (623.05 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Article | ||
| DOI: 10.66723/zjhms.2026.171293.1139 | ||
| Author | ||
| Anwar Kamel Mezher* | ||
| Ministry of education,Baghdad , first Rusafa , Iraq | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The appearance of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria has increased the need for new antimicrobial agents. The focus has shifted to nanomaterials and bioactive compounds from plants. This study investigates the antibacterial efficacy of gold (AuNPs) and silver (AgNPs) nanoparticles, alongside the ethanolic extract of Salvia rosmarinus (rosemary), against two prominent pathogenic bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Nanoparticles with practical sizes ranging from 33 to 40 nanometers were purchased from the company (Nanomaterials). These particles were prepared in different concentrations, including 0.5, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 mg/mL. S. rosmarinus leaves were harvested from Baghdad, Iraq (April 2025), taxonomically identified, and subjected to a 24-hour solid-liquid extraction using 70% ethyl alcohol. The chemical profile of the crude extract was elucidated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antibacterial screening against clinically isolated S. aureus and E. faecalis was performed using the agar well diffusion method to determine the zones of inhibition (ZOI). The GC-MS assay for S. rosmarinus extract had 19 distinct chemical peaks, with salvial-4(14)-en-1-one (3.02%), alpha-thujene (2.84%), and endo-borneol (2.74%) identified as the primary bioactive constituents. Quantitative antibacterial assays demonstrated a differential, strain-specific susceptibility. At the highest concentration (0.20 mg/mL), AuNPs exhibited superior potency against S. aureus with a maximum ZOI of 7.96 mm, compared to 4.99 mm for E. faecalis. Conversely, AgNPs (0.20 mg/mL) displayed higher efficacy against E. faecalis (ZOI: 3.55 mm) than S. aureus (ZOI: 3.11 mm). The crude rosemary extract (300 mg/mL) also showed promising antibacterial activity, yielding inhibition zones of 4.87 mm and 4.23 mm against E. faecalis and S. aureus, respectively. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Rosemary; Gold and Silver nanopartilces E. faecalis; S. aureus | ||
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