Factors Associated with Pelvic Girdle Pain among Pregnant women Attending Primary Health Centers in Sulaymaniyah City. A Cross-Sectional Study

Faris, Gona Othman

doi:10.64554/njphn.2026.192024

	Factors Associated with Pelvic Girdle Pain among Pregnant women Attending Primary Health Centers in Sulaymaniyah City. A Cross-Sectional Study
Ninevah Journal of Public Health & Nursing
Volume 1, Issue 1, August 2026
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.64554/njphn.2026.192024
Author
Gona Othman Faris^*
Gona Othman Faris Department of Maternal Neonate Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Republic of Iraq,
Abstract
Background: Pelvic girdle pain (PGP) represents a prevalent musculoskeletal condition among gravid women, manifesting as discomfort in the pelvic articulations, sacroiliac joints, or symphysis pubis. This condition substantially compromises functional capacity, activities of daily living, and psychosocial health. Despite being frequently dismissed as an inherent component of gestation, considerable prevalence and associated morbidity necessitate comprehensive research. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the determinants associated with pelvic girdle pain among expectant mothers receiving care. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was undertaken with 100 pregnant women in their third trimester attending designated Primary Health Centers in Sulaymaniyah City from February 6, 2024, to May 13, 2024. Data acquisition employed semi-structured questionnaires, pain assessment scales, and the Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain (PPGP) reached 79%. Statistically significant correlations emerged between PPGP and variables including educational attainment, occupational status, parity, gestational age, and occupational physical demands, particularly repetitive lifting activities. Conversely, maternal age, body mass index, gravidity, and socioeconomic status demonstrated no significant associations. Functional impairments secondary to PGP were predominantly observed in postural activities including standing, flexion movements, ambulation, and domestic responsibilities. A substantial percentage of participants reported absence of regular physical exercise or pelvic floor muscle training protocols. Conclusions: PGP demonstrates high prevalence among pregnant women, with significant correlations to physical activity patterns, parity, and occupational factors. These findings underscore the imperative for early detection protocols, comprehensive patient education initiatives, and prophylactic interventions incorporating specialized physiotherapy and exercise programs.
Keywords
pelvic girdle pain; primary health center; exercise habits and lifestyle

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