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Rare recording of Panaeolina foenisecii mushroom (family: Galeropsidaceae) in Western Iraq | ||
| Journal of University of Anbar for Pure Science | ||
| Volume 20, Issue 2, August 2026, Pages 35-42 PDF (2.19 M) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.37652/juaps.2025.160918.1618 | ||
| Author | ||
| MUSTAFA NADHIM OWAID* | ||
| 1Department of Heet Education, General Directorate of Education in Anbar, Ministry of Education, Hit, 31007 Anbar, Iraq 2Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Applied Sciences-Hit, University Of Anbar, Hit, 31007 Anbar, Iraq | ||
| Abstract | ||
| This work presents a rare discovery of the Panaeolina foenisecii (Pers.) Maire (1913) mushroom (Family: Galeropsidaceae) in the Khazraj village, located west of Heet city in western Iraq. The collection took place in December 2018, and regional weather data showed fluctuating temperatures and moderate precipitation, which likely contributed to the emergence of the mushroom’s fruiting bodies. The morphological characteristics, including cap shape, gill structure, and stem features, were analyzed to aid in species identification. A microscopic examination of the spores confirmed their typical almond-shaped, small size, dark brown to black color, and smooth surface, consistent with the species of Panaeolina foenisecii. The findings underscore the importance of environmental factors in the growth of these mushrooms and contribute to the understanding of their distribution in arid regions, such as western Iraq. This mushroom may cause hallucinations; therefore, its consumption is not recommended. Finally, P. foenisecii is considered the first record in Iraq, and it is very useful for enriching Iraqi mycodata. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Biodiversity; Mushroom identification; Spore morphology; Weather conditions; Western Iraq | ||
| References | ||
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