Narration of the apparent doctrine of the Hanbalis in the book Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudamah، may God have mercy on him - the maintenance of children and the wonderful maintenance of the father as an example - a comparative jurisprudential study

-, Abdulrahman Shiaa Abdel Aali; -, Muhammad Obaid Jassim Al-Karbouli

doi:10.34278/aujis.2026.192246

	Narration of the apparent doctrine of the Hanbalis in the book Al-Mughni by Ibn Qudamah، may God have mercy on him - the maintenance of children and the wonderful maintenance of the father as an example - a comparative jurisprudential study
Anbar University Journal of Islamic Sciences
Article 22, Volume 17, Issue 3, September 2026, Pages 2316-2359 PDF (6.35 M)
DOI: 10.34278/aujis.2026.192246
Authors
Abdulrahman Shiaa Abdel Aali -¹; Muhammad Obaid Jassim Al-Karbouli -²
¹University of Anbar - College of Islamic Sciences
²University of Anbar - College of Education for Humanities
Abstract
This study presents a comparative juristic analysis of the authoritative (ẓāhir al-madhhab) position in Hanbali jurisprudence as reported in al-Mughnī by Ibn Qudāmah. It focuses on three detailed issues of financial support (nafaqāt): maintenance of parents، maintenance of children (newborns)، and the ruling on a child’s maintenance in the absence of the father. The research aims to identify the officially adopted opinion within the Hanbali school regarding these matters and to compare it with the views of other Islamic legal schools، in order to determine the opinion closest to the textual evidence. The main findings show that maintenance of parents and children is unconditionally obligatory when there is need، whereas a child’s maintenance is contingent upon the presence of the father or a legal substitute. This study highlights the relied-upon Hanbali position and clarifies its contemporary practical applications.
Keywords
al-Nafaqah (Maintenance); Parents and Children; Ẓāhir al-Madhhab; Ibn Qudāmah; al-Mughnī; Comparative Fiqh

References
After the Holy Quran. Abu Dawud، Sulayman ibn al-Ashath. (d. 275 AH). Sunan Abi Dawud. ed. Muhammad Muhyi al-Din Abd al-Hamid. Beirut: Al-Maktabah al-Asriyyah. Al-Akbari، Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad. (d. 439 AH). Ruuws Almasayil Alkhilafiat ealaa Madhhab Abi Eabd Allah Ahmad Bin Hanbal. ed. Abdul Malik ibn Abdullah ibn Dahish. Makkah، 1428 AH. Al-Ansari، Zakariya ibn Muhammad. (d. 926 AH). Asna al-Matalib fi Sharh Rawd al-Talib. Dar al-Kitab al-Islami. Al-Ayni، Mahmud ibn Ahmad (d. 855 AH). Al-Binayah Sharh al-Hidayah. 1nd ed. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah، 1420 AH/2000 AD. Al-Ayni، Mahmud ibn Ahmad (d. 855 AH). Umdat al-Qari Sharh Sahih al-Bukhari. Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi. Al-Baghdadi، Abd al-Wahhab ibn Ali. (d. 422 AH). Al-Muawana ala Madhhab Alim al-Madina. ed. Hamish Abd al-Haqq. Makkah al-Mukarramah: Al-Maktabah al-Tijariyyah (Mustafa Ahmad al-Baz). Al-Barakati، Muhammad Amim al-Ihsan. Al-Tarifat al-Fiqhiyyah. 1nd ed. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah، 1424 AH/2003 AD. Al-Bassam، Abdullah ibn Abd al-Rahman. (d. 1423 AH). Tawdih al-Ahkam min Bulugh al-Maram. 5nd ed. Mecca: Maktabat al-Asadi، 1423 AH/2003 AD. Al-Dahlawi، Abd al-Haqq ibn Sayf al-Din (d. 1052 AH). Lamaat al-Tanqih fi Sharh Mishkat al-Masabih. ed. Taqi al-Din al-Nadawi. 1nd ed. Damascus: Dar al-Nawadir، 1435 AH/2014 AD. Al-Dhahabi، Muhammad ibn Ahmad. (d. 748 AH). Siyar Alam al-Nubala. ed. a group of scholars under the supervision of Shuayb al-Arnaut. 3nd ed. Beirut: Muassasat al-Risalah، 1405 AH/1985 AD. Al-Dhahabi، Muhammad ibn Ahmad. (d. 748 AH). Tarikh al-Islam wa-Wafayat al-Mashahir wa-al-Alam. ed. Bashar Awad Maruf. 1nd ed. Beirut: Dar al-Gharb al-Islami، 2003 AD. Al-Fawzan، Salih ibn Fawzan. Al-Mulakhkhas al-Fiqhi. 1nd ed. Riyadh: Dar al-Asimah، 1423 AH. Al-Hamawi، Yaqut ibn Abdullah (d. 626 AH). Mujam al-Buldan. 2nd ed. Beirut: Dar Sader، 1995 AD. Al-Hattab، Muhammad ibn Muhammad (d. 954 AH). Mawahib al-Jalil fi Sharh Mukhtasar Khalil. 3nd ed. Dar al-Fikr، 1412 AH/1992 AD. Al-Jassas، Ahmad ibn Ali (d. 370 AH). Sharh Mukhtasar al-Tahawi. ed. Ismat Allah Inayat Allah Muhammad، Said Bakdash، Muhammad Ubayd Allah Khan، and Zaynab Muhammad Hasan Falatah. 1nd ed. Dar al-Bashair al-Islamiyya and Dar al-Siraj، 1431 AH/2010 AD. Al-Maqdisi، Abd al-Rahman ibn Ibrahim (d. 624 AH). Al-Uddah Sharh al-Umdah. Cairo: Dar al-Hadith، 1424 AH/2003 AD. Al-Mardawi، Ali ibn Sulayman. (d. 885 AH). Al-Insaf fi Marifat al-Rajih min al-Khilaf. 2nd ed. Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi. Al-Mardawi، Ali ibn Sulayman. (d. 885 AH). Al-Tahbir Sharh al-Tahrir fi Usul al-Fiqh. ed. Abd al-Rahman al-Jibrin، Awad al-Qarni، and Ahmad al-Sarrah. 1nd ed. Riyadh: Maktabat al-Rushd، 1421 AH/2000 AD. Al-Mazhari، Muhammad Thanaullah. Al-Tafsir al-Mazhari. ed. Ghulam Nabi al-Tunisi. Pakistan: Maktabat al-Rushdiyah، 1412 AH. Al-Muhaqqiq al-Hilli، Jafar ibn al-Hasan (d. 676 AH). Sharai al-Islam fi Masail al-Halal wa al-Haram. Muassasat Matbuati Ismailiyan. Al-Namlah، Abd al-Karim ibn Ali. Al-Muhadhdhab fi Ilm Usul al-Fiqh al-Muqaran. 1nd ed. Riyadh: Maktabat al-Rushd، 1420 AH/1999 AD. Al-Rafii، Abd al-Karim ibn Muhammad. (d. 623 AH). Sharh Musnad al-Shafii. ed. Abu Bakr Wail Muhammad Bakr Zahran. 1nd ed. Qatar: Ministry of Endowments and Islamic Affairs، 1428 AH/2007 AD. Al-Rahibani، Mustafa ibn Sad. (d. 1243 AH). Matalib Uli al-Nuha fi Sharh Ghayat al-Muntaha. 2nd ed. The Islamic Office، 1415 AH/1994 AD. Al-Sabuni، Muhammad Ali. Mukhtasar Tafsir Abn Kathir. 7nd ed. Beirut: Dar al-Quran al-Karim، 1402 AH/1981 AD. Al-Sadr al-Shahid، Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (d. 536 AH). Sharh Adab al-Qadi lil-Khasaf. ed. Muhyi Hilal al-Sarhan. 1nd ed. Baghdad: Matbaat al-Irshad and al-Dar al-Arabiyya li-l-Tibaa، 1397–1398 AH/1977–1978 AD. Al-Sarakhsi، Muhammad ibn Ahmad (d. 483 AH). Al-Mabsut. Beirut: Dar al-Marifah، 1414 AH/1993 AD. Al-Subki، Abd al-Wahhab ibn Ali (d. 771 AH). Tabaqat Alshaafieiat Alkubraa. ed. Mahmud Muhammad al-Tanahi and Abd al-Fattah Muhammad al-Hilu. 2nd ed. Hajar for Printing، Publishing and Distribution، 1413 AH. Al-Tayyibi، Al-Husayn ibn Abdullah. (d. 743 AH). Sharah Alttybi ealaa Mishkat Almasabih (Alkashif ean Haqayiq Alsinan). 1nd ed. Makkah-Riyadh: Nizar Mustafa al-Baz Library، 1417 AH/1997 AD. Al-Tirmidhi، Muhammad ibn Isa (d. 279 AH). Al-Jami al-Kabir (Sunan al-Tirmidhi). ed. Bashar Awad Maruf. Beirut: Dar al-Gharb al-Islami، 1998 AD. Al-Tirmidhi، Muhammad ibn Isa (d. 279 AH). Sunan al-Tirmidhi. ed. Ahmad Muhammad Shakir، Muhammad Fuad Abd al-Baqi، and Ibrahim Atwa Awad. 2nd ed. Egypt: Mustafa al-Babi al-Halabi Library and Printing Company، 1395 AH/1975 AD. Al-Umrani، Yahya ibn Abi al-Khayr. (d. 558 AH). Albayan fi Madhhab Aliimam Alshaafieii. ed. Qasim Muhammad al-Nuri. 1nd ed. Jeddah: Dar al-Minhaj، 1421 AH/2000 AD. Al-Zarkali، Khayr al-Din (d. 1396 AH). Alaelam. 15nd ed. Beirut: Dar al-Ilm lil-Malayin، 2002 AD. Al-Zuhayli، Wahba ibn Mustafa (d. 1436 AH). Alfiqh Aliislamiu Waadlath. 4nd ed. Damascus: Dar al-Fikr. Ibn Abd al-Barr، Yusuf ibn Abd Allah (d. 463 AH). Al-Istiab fi Marifat al-Ashab. ed. Ali Muhammad al-Bajawi. 1nd ed. Beirut: Dar al-Jil، 1412 AH/1992 AD. Ibn Abi Shaybah، Abdullah ibn Muhammad (d. 235 AH). Alkutaab Almusanaf fi Alahadith Walathar. ed. Kamal Yusuf al-Hout. 1nd ed. Riyadh: Maktabat al-Rushd، 1409 AH. Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani، Abdullah ibn Abd al-Rahman (d. 386 AH). Aldhibi ean Madhhab Aliimam Malik. ed. Muhammad al-Alami. 1nd ed. Kingdom of Morocco: Al-Rabita al-Muhammadiyya lil-Ulama، 1432 AH/2011 AD. Ibn Abidin، Muhammad Amin (d. 1252 AH). Radd al-Muhtar ala al-Durr al-Mukhtar. 2nd ed. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr، 1412 AH/1992 AD. Ibn al-Athir، al-Mubarak ibn Muhammad (d. 606 AH). Al-Shafii fi Sharh Musnad al-Shafii. ed. Ahmad ibn Sulayman and Yasir ibn Ibrahim. 1nd ed. Riyadh: Maktabat al-Rushd، 1426 AH/2005 AD. Ibn al-Imad، Abd al-Hayy ibn Ahmad (d. 1089 AH). Shadharat al-Dhahab fi Akhbar man Dhahab. ed. Mahmud al-Arnaut. 1nd ed. Damascus-Beirut: Dar Ibn Kathir، 1406 AH/1986 AD. Ibn al-Jallab، Ubayd Allah ibn al-Husayn (d. 378 AH). Al-Tafri fi Fiqh al-Imam Malik ibn Anas. ed. Sayyid Kasrawi Hassan. 1nd ed. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya، 1428 AH/2007 AD. Ibn al-Jawzi، Abd al-Rahman ibn Ali (d. 597 AH). Zad al-Masir fi Ilm al-Tafsir. ed. Abd al-Razzaq al-Mahdi. 1nd ed. Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi، 1422 AH. Ibn al-Mundhir، Muhammad ibn Ibrahim (d. 319 AH). Al-Ishraf ala Madhahib al-Ulama. ed. Saghir Ahmad al-Ansari. 1nd ed. Ras al-Khaimah: Maktabat Makkah al-Thaqafiyya، 1425 AH/2004 AD. Ibn al-Najjar، Muhammad ibn Ahmad (d. 972 AH). Sharh al-Kawkab al-Munir. ed. Muhammad al-Zuhayli and Nazih Hammad. 2nd ed. Al-Ubaykan Library، 1418 AH/1997 AD. Ibn Battal، Ali ibn Khalaf (d. 449 AH). Sharh Sahih al-Bukhari. ed. Abu Tamim Yasser ibn Ibrahim. 2nd ed. Riyadh: Al-Rushd Library، 1423 AH/2003 AD. Ibn Kathir، Ismail ibn Umar (d. 774 AH). Al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr، 1407 AH/1986 AD. Ibn Khallikan، Ahmad ibn Muhammad (d. 681 AH). Wafayat Alaeyan Waanba Abna Alzaman. ed. Ihsan Abbas. Beirut: Dar Sader. Ibn Majah، Muhammad ibn Yazid (d. 273 AH). Sunan Ibn Majah. ed. Muhammad Fuad Abd al-Baqi. Dar Ihya al-Kutub al-Arabiyyah – Faisal Isa al-Babi al-Halabi. Ibn Manzur، Muhammad ibn Mukarram. (d. 711 AH). Lisan al-Arab. 3nd ed. Beirut: Dar Sader، 1414 AH. Ibn Qudamah، Abd Allah ibn Ahmad (d. 620 AH). Al-Mughni. Cairo Library، 1388 AH/1968 AD. Ibn Shas، Abdullah ibn Najm (d. 616 AH). Eaqd Aljawahir Althaminat fi Madhhab Ealam Almadina. ed. Hamid ibn Muhammad Lahmar. 1nd ed. Beirut: Dar al-Gharb al-Islami، 1423 AH/2003 AD. Jumaa، Imad Ali. Al-Maktabah al-Islamiyya. 2nd ed. Series of Arab Islamic Heritage، 1424 AH/2003 AD. Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs (Kuwait). Al-Mawsuah al-Fiqhiyyah al-Kuwaitiyyah. Kuwait. Mulla Khusraw، Muhammad ibn Faramarz (d. 885 AH). Durar al-Hukkam Sharh Ghurar al-Ahkam. Dar Ihya al-Kutub al-Arabiyyah. Muqatil ibn Sulayman، Muqatil ibn Sulayman. (d. 150 AH). Tafsir Muqatil ibn Sulayman. ed. Abd Allah Mahmud Shahata. 1nd ed. Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Turath، 1423 AH. Muslim، Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj. (d. 261 AH). Al-Musnad al-Sahih al-Mukhtasar bi-Naql al-Adl an al-Adl ila Rasul Allah salla Allahu alayhi wa sallam. ed. Muhammad Fuad Abd al-Baqi. Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi. Omar، Ahmad Mukhtar. (d. 1424 AH). Muejam Allughat Alearabiat Almueasira. 1nd ed. Alam al-Kutub، 1429 AH/2008 AD. Qadi Khan، Hasan ibn Mansur (d. 592 AH). Fatawa Qadi Khan.
Statistics Article View: 54 PDF Download: 47