Classification of Verbs in Kurdish from the Perspective of &laquo;William Craft&raquo;

Mama, Othman Shakhsa; Khdir, Omer Salih

doi:10.25130/Lang.10.2.P2.10

	Classification of Verbs in Kurdish from the Perspective of «William Craft»
Journal of Language Studies
Volume 10, Issue 2, Part 2, June 2026, Pages 186-203 PDF (885.9 K)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.25130/Lang.10.2.P2.10
Authors
Othman Shakhsa Mama; Omer Salih Khdir
Kurdish Department, College of Education, Raparin University, Rania, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Abstract
This study discusses the classification of verbs in Kurdish from the perspective of William Craft (2012). In his theory of aspectual types, Craft relies on two dimensions. First, the time dimension, which refers to the time taken by each action from the starting point to the end and to the result of the action; second, there are the dimensions of change, in which the nature of change includes the circumstances and state of the action. Craft uses a tree diagram to represent both dimensions, each occupying a pole on the diagram. This research aims to identify and categorize the types and subtypes of verbs in the Kurdish language, drawing on Croft's theoretical framework. In this research, four verb types have been identified, which are: "stative verbs, activities, temporals, and accomplishments." Subsequently, for each of these types, several subtypes are presented, and then their points of similarity and difference are examined. In this research, a specific number of examples from the Kurdish language have been randomly selected, which are structurally diverse. These verbs, from the perspective of "two-dimensional analysis of aspectual types," are distributed across the types and subtypes. Then, each of these is represented and analyzed according to Croft's tree diagram on both the "x" and "y" axes.
Keywords
state verbs; achievements; activities; accomplishments; Lexical aspect; dimensions

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