- All Journals
- Al-Qadisiyah University
- Basrah University
- Kirkuk University
- Mosul University
- The Iraqi Borad for Medical Specialization
- University of Anbar
- University of Technology
- Al Mustafa University
- Al-Zahraa University for Women
- Alnoor University
- Kunooz University
- Misan University
- Ninevah University
- Tikrit University
- University of Al-Hamdaniya
- University of Kerbala
The efficacy of a biosynthetic Lawsonia inermis extract with silver nanoparticles in controlling the land snail Monacha cartusiana compared to the molluscicide metaldehyde. | ||
| Al-Zahraa Journal for Health and Medical Sciences | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 19 August 2026 | ||
| Document Type: Review Article | ||
| DOI: 10.66723/zjhms.2026.173516.1173 | ||
| Author | ||
| Enas Adel Giyad* | ||
| University of Kerbala | ||
| Abstract | ||
| The ground snail (Monacha cartusiana) is a significant agricultural pest due to the substantial damage it causes to crops and the resulting economic losses. Metaldehyde is widely used to control it; however, its toxicity and negative environmental impacts necessitate the search for safer alternatives. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a green nano-extract from the henna plant (Lawsonia inermis) as an environmentally friendly alternative to metaldehyde by characterizing its physicochemical properties and investigating its toxicity and histological effects.Adult Monacha cartusiana snails were collected from the Al-Maida Al-Gharbiya and Al-Kamaliya areas in Karbala Governorate during March 2026. Silver nanoparticles were biosynthesized using the alcoholic extract of henna and then characterized by scanning atomic microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Oral toxicity tests were conducted using the immersion method at concentrations of 100, 150, and 200 mg/ml, compared to metaldehyde and a control group, in addition to histological examination of the digestive gland.The results showed that the henna nano-extract achieved a bioavailability of approximately 92%, close to that of metaldehyde. AFM, FTIR, SEM, and UV-Vis results confirmed the successful biosynthesis and formation of relatively stable and homogeneous nanoparticles. Histological studies revealed cellular degeneration, necrosis, and deterioration of the digestive gland and other tissues.These results indicate that the henna nano-extract is a promising and safe alternative to chemical molluscicides for controlling the Monacha cartusiana snail. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Lawsonia inermis extract; molluscicide; Green synthesis; Monacha cartusiana; Bioavailability | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 60 |
||