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Evaluating Political and Institutional Reforms in Iraq After the October 2019 Protests | ||
| Journal of Anbar University for Law and Political Sciences | ||
| Article 39, Volume 16, Issue: 3, September 2026, Pages 1135-1154 PDF (886.32 K) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.37651/aujlps.2026.168497.1710 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Dilkhwaz Ismail Aziz* ; Juna Subhi Jamil | ||
| College of Political Science – Department of Political Systems and Public Policy – Salahaddin University – Erbil | ||
| Abstract | ||
| In October 2019, Iraq witnessed large-scale protests led mainly by young people expressing their discontent with escalating corruption, poor public services, lack of social justice, and high unemployment rates. These protests reflected a deep crisis in the relationship between the state and society, prompting the political system to attempt to contain the situation by adopting a series of reform measures, including the resignation of the government, amendments to the electoral law, restructuring of the Independent High Electoral Commission, and the launch of several anti-corruption initiatives. The study adopts a descriptive–analytical approach, building on a theoretical framework that explains the concepts of protest, political reform, and institutional reform, and then using this framework to analyze the events of the October 2019 protests and to evaluate the reform policies that followed them. The analysis relies on constitutional and legal texts, official reports, and specialized academic studies. All of this underscores the urgent need for a comprehensive reform approach that redefines the social and political contract on the foundations of citizenship, competence, and transparency, while emphasizing the state's monopoly on the use of force. Such an approach would be key to meeting the central demands of the October protests and restoring the lost trust between citizens and the state. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Protests; Political Reform; Institutional Reform; Causes of Protest; Iraq | ||
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