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Ali, Sarkawt Hama Salih; Abdulqadr, Shang Haseeb; Hussain, Shwana Ahmad; Rahim, Kazhal Hassan; Hama Saeed, Bakhtyar Abdallah; Hama, Soran Othman; Ali, Ari Omar; Mohammed, Hoshyar M Ameen; Ahmad, Gelas Hassan

doi:10.58928/ku26.17313

	Resistance to Net-Form Net Blotch and Yield Performance of Local Barley Varieties under Rain-Fed Conditions in Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Kirkuk University Journal for Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS)
Volume 17, Issue 3, September 2026, Pages 115-125 PDF (620.15 K)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.58928/ku26.17313
Authors
Sarkawt Hama Salih Ali^* ¹; Shang Haseeb Abdulqadr²; Shwana Ahmad hussain²; Kazhal Hassan Rahim³; Bakhtyar Abdallah Hama Saeed³; Soran Othman Hama⁴; Ari Omar Ali⁵; Hoshyar M Ameen Mohammed⁵; Gelas Hassan Ahmad⁵
¹قسم وقاية النبات، كلية العلوم الهندسية الزراعية، جامعة السليمانية، السليمانية، العراق
²قسم التكنولوجيا الحيوية وعلوم المحاصيل، كلية علوم الهندسة الزراعية، جامعة السليمانية، السليمانية، العراق
³قسم وقاية النبات، مركز البحوث الزراعية في السليمانية، السليمانية، العراق
⁴قسم وقاية النبات، محطة أبحاث كانيبانكا / مديرية أبحاث الزراعة في السليمانية، السليمانية، العراق
⁵قسم وقاية النبات، محطة أبحاث كانيبانكا / مديرية أبحاث الزراعة في السليمانية، السليمانية، العراق.
Abstract
Net blotch, resulting from Pyrenophora teres, is the most significant disease affecting barley in numerous areas where this crop is grown. This study investigated the host-parasite interactions between several barley varieties and net-form net blotch (NFNB) at the adult plant stage. It evaluated the effects on yield and its components under rain-fed conditions across two distinct locations in the Iraqi Kurdistan region. The eleven local barley varieties were sown, with rigorous assessment of disease severity, infection types, and coefficients of infection. The results revealed significant differences in net-form net blotch resistance among varieties and between locations, Barely varieties could be divided into six groups according to infection type from resistance group contain Rafidain and Qalla varieties with mean disease severity and coefficient of infection were very low, 5% and 1 to susceptible group represents the biggest groups of this study, containing five barely varieties, Movialis, Iba 265, Iba 99, Rihana 02 and N.S. 313, with mean coefficient of infection ranging from 87.50 to 38.33 and 87.50-38.33 % disease severity. Differential responses were also observed in Yields and yield components, including spike length, grain weight, spike density, and thousand-grain weight. Varieties with high resistance consistently maintained superior yield and grain quality, whereas susceptible varieties suffered substantial reductions in yield, spike weight, and grain weight. These findings underscore the significance of genetic diversity and local adaptation in breeding programs, reinforcing the value of resistant varieties as an environmentally friendly approach to enhance barley production and mitigate NFNB outbreaks in variable rain-fed agroecosystems.
Keywords
Barley; Net-form net blotch; foliar disease; Mycology; Grain yield

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Resistance to Net-Form Net Blotch and Yield Performance of Local Barley Varieties under Rain-Fed Conditions in Iraqi Kurdistan Region